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Micro > Helminth/Protozoa stuff > Flashcards

Helminth/Protozoa stuff Flashcards

1
Q

Helminths- how do you dx

A

eggs in stool

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2
Q

Types of Helminths

A

Nematodes- tissue invading and non
Cestodes
Trematodes

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3
Q

Nematodes- tx

A

Mebendazole

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4
Q

Enterobius

A

Perianal pruritis
Retroinfections
Dx with w/ scotch tape

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5
Q

Necator/Ancylostoma

A

PENETRATES SKIN
skin –> hematogenous –> lung –> cough –> small intestine
Mature sucks blood –> Fe deficiency anemia
also causes- pruritis, cough, and pulmonary infiltrate
only infects in warm weather
transplacental

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6
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

A

Eat the larvae –> SI –> hematogenous –> lung
Loefflers syndrome- pulmonary eosinophilia
can also cause- INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION, malnutrition, invades bile duct and appendix

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7
Q

Trichurius Trichiura

A

RECTAL PROLAPSE
dif versions for dif animal species
females cause the dz

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8
Q

Strongyloides

A

PENETRATE SKIN
skin –> hematogenous –> lung –> cough –> SI
LARVAE CURRENS
also cause- enteritis, malabsorption bronchopneumonia
hemoptysis

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9
Q

Why should you not give corticosteroids for Strongyloides

A

Strongyloides has free living form that is commensural with gram negative bacteria, so corticosteroids promote bacteremia

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10
Q

Tissue invading nematodes

A

Trichenella Spiralis
Anisakiasis
Larva Migrans

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11
Q

Tissue invading nematodes- tx

A

Albendazole

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12
Q

Trichinella Spiralis

A

Larvae is ingested from pork and other meet –> blood stream–> other organs esp skeletal muscle
Cuaes- myalgia, periorbital edema, and fever
may end up calcified

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13
Q

Aniskiasis-

A 
Ingested from raw fish
sick within 48 hrs
feel a tickle in the throat
also causes- epigastric pain, nausea
Eosinophillic granulomas
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14
Q

Larva Migrans- Visceral

A

wheezing, CNS symptoms (eosinophilic menegoencephalitis), eosinophilia

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15
Q

Larva Migrans- Cutaneous

A

eosinophillic granuloma
tracts in skin
intense itching

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16
Q

Strongolyoides- is a major problem in what population

A

immunocompromised
kidney transplant recipients
HIV

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17
Q

Larva Migrans- what is going on with this

A

helminth invades wrong host, and doesn’t know what to do so it travels all over

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18
Q

Cestodes- tapeworm- tx

A

Praziquantel

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19
Q

Tanenia Solium

A

pigs are intermediate host

humans are the final host via eating encysted larvae

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20
Q

what happens if humans eat the Taenia solium eggs and not the larvae?

A

eggs hatch in smal intestine and migrate to form cystiecerci in the muscle and brain = cysticercosis

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21
Q

Cysticercosis

A

consequence of Taenia Solium eggs not larvae

seizures, obstructie hydrocephalus, eosinophilia

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22
Q

Cysticercosis- tx

A

Albendazole instead of praziqunetel

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23
Q

Taenia Sagniata- vector

A

Raw beef

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24
Q

Dihyloobothrium Latum- transmission

A

eat larvae of freshwater fish

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25
Q

Dihyloobothrium latum- Sx

A

pernicious anemia

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26
Q

Echionococcus- vector

A

From Sheepdog

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27
Q

Enchinoccous- where does infect in the body

A

hydatid cysts in the liver

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28
Q

Enchinococcus- tx

A

surgical removal but have to be careful b/c can cause a lethal hypersensitivity rxn when Ag get into the blood

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29
Q

Cestodes

A

Taenia Solium
Taenia Saginatum
Diphyloobothrium
Echinoccocus

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30
Q

Trematodes

A

Schistosoma

Paragonimiasis

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31
Q

Trematodes- tx

A

Prazaquintel

32
Q

Schistosoma- transmission

A

water born in infected snails

33
Q

Schistosoma- where does in live in body

A

mesenteric and portal vein

34
Q

Schistosoma- causes

A

KATAYAMA FEVER
cercarial dermatitis
hepatosplenomegaly
Eosinophilia

35
Q

Paragonimiasis- transmission

A

fresh water crustaceans

36
Q

Paragonimiasis- Sx

A

eosinophilic granulomas in the lung parenchyma

37
Q

Paragonimiasis- what resemble

A

Tb

38
Q

Protozoa- definition

A

free living single celled eukaryotes

39
Q

Malaria- protozoal causes

A

Plasmodium falciparum
Plasmodium. Vivax
Plasmodium Ovale
Plasmodium Malariae

40
Q

Malaria tx

A

Chloroquine

Primaquine

41
Q

Babesiosis- b. Microti, b. divergens- vector

A

ixodes scapularis tick (also caries lyme disease)

42
Q

Babesiosis- b. microti, b. divergens- blood smear

A

Maltgese cross

43
Q

Babesoides- b.microti, b.diverges- tx

A

quinine + clindamycin

44
Q

Leishmaniasis- vector

A

sandfly bite

45
Q

Leishmaniasis- appearance

A

Leishman Donovan bodies

46
Q

Leishminiasis- tx

A

stibogluconate sodium or

pentamidine isethioiate

47
Q

Trypanasoma brucei rhodesiense (more severe than) T.b. gambiense- dz

A

African sleeping sickness

48
Q

Ssx of African sleeping sickness

A

skin ulcer that heals in 2 weeks
fever,HA, arthralgias
Winterbottoms sign (tender LAD on back of neck)

49
Q

Tx of African Sleeping Sickness

A

Sumarin or pentamide

Melaarsoprol if CNS is involved

50
Q

T.b Rhodensiense T.b. Gambiense- vector

A

Tse Tse fly

51
Q

T. Cruzi- dz

A

Chagas dz

52
Q

Chagas dz- Ssx

A

Chagoma
Cardiac arrhythmia
dilated cardiomyopathy
toxic megacolon

53
Q

Chagas dz- is MCC of what world wide

A

Heart failure

54
Q

Chagas dz tx

A

nifurtimox or pentamide isethionate

55
Q

T. Cruzi- vector

A

Reduviid bug- kissing bug

feeding on deficating person –> person scratches –> feces gets into chagoma–> transmit amastigotes

56
Q

Entamoeba histolytica- Ssx

A

Blood diarrhea, hepatic avcesses, often asymptomatic

THIS IS THE ONLY PARASITE THAT EATS RBCS

57
Q

Entamoeba histolytica- Tx

A

Metronidazole- especially in ther eare hepatic abcesses

58
Q

Giardia lamblia- where does it live

A

mount spring water

59
Q

Giardia lamlblia- motility?

A

yes.. it has a flagella

60
Q

Giardia lamblia- Ssx

A

steatorrhea

61
Q

Giardia lamblia-tx

A

furazolinode for peds

metronidazole

62
Q

Trichimonas Vaginalis- Ssx

A

yellow/ Green frothy vaginal discharge
itiching
burning on urination

63
Q

Trichimonias vaginalis- tx

A

metronidazole to pt and sexual partners

64
Q

Protozoans found in AIDS pts

A

Toxoplasma Gondii
Cryptosporidium
PCP
Isospora belli

65
Q

Toxoplasma Gondii- Ssx

A

encephalitis, chorioretinitis, splenomegaly

66
Q

T. Gondii- in pregnancy

A

pregnant women should avoid Cats

This is a ToRCH infection

67
Q

T. Gondii tx

A

Sulfadiazine
Pyrimethamine
Folic Acid

68
Q

T. Gondii- congenital infection

A

Choriorentinitis, hydrocephalus, and intracranial calcifications

69
Q

Cryptosporidium- transmission

A

Swimming pools
Eating fruit
A problem in daycare centers

70
Q

Cyrptosporidium- Ssx

A

watery diarrhea

71
Q

Cryptosporidium- tx

A

Paramomycin for adults w/ HIV

Nitazoxanide for kids

72
Q

PCP- Ssx

A

Interstial pneumonia

non productive cough

73
Q

PCP- tx

A

TMP- SMX

74
Q

Isospora belli- Ssx

A

Diarrhea

Eosinophilia

75
Q

Isosopora belli- tx

A

TMP- SMX

Micro (10 decks)

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