Helminth/Protozoa stuff

Question 1

Helminths- how do you dx

Answer 1

eggs in stool

Question 2

Types of Helminths

Answer 2

Nematodes- tissue invading and non
Cestodes
Trematodes

Question 3

Nematodes- tx

Answer 3

Mebendazole

Question 4

Enterobius

Answer 4

Perianal pruritis
Retroinfections
Dx with w/ scotch tape

Question 5

Necator/Ancylostoma

Answer 5

PENETRATES SKIN
skin –> hematogenous –> lung –> cough –> small intestine
Mature sucks blood –> Fe deficiency anemia
also causes- pruritis, cough, and pulmonary infiltrate
only infects in warm weather
transplacental

Question 6

Ascaris lumbricoides

Answer 6

Eat the larvae –> SI –> hematogenous –> lung
Loefflers syndrome- pulmonary eosinophilia
can also cause- INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION, malnutrition, invades bile duct and appendix

Question 7

Trichurius Trichiura

Answer 7

RECTAL PROLAPSE
dif versions for dif animal species
females cause the dz

Question 8

Strongyloides

Answer 8

PENETRATE SKIN
skin –> hematogenous –> lung –> cough –> SI
LARVAE CURRENS
also cause- enteritis, malabsorption bronchopneumonia
hemoptysis

Question 9

Why should you not give corticosteroids for Strongyloides

Answer 9

Strongyloides has free living form that is commensural with gram negative bacteria, so corticosteroids promote bacteremia

Question 10

Tissue invading nematodes

Answer 10

Trichenella Spiralis
Anisakiasis
Larva Migrans

Question 11

Tissue invading nematodes- tx

Answer 11

Albendazole

Question 12

Trichinella Spiralis

Answer 12

Larvae is ingested from pork and other meet –> blood stream–> other organs esp skeletal muscle
Cuaes- myalgia, periorbital edema, and fever
may end up calcified

Question 13

Aniskiasis-

Answer 13

Ingested from raw fish
sick within 48 hrs
feel a tickle in the throat
also causes- epigastric pain, nausea
Eosinophillic granulomas

Question 14

Larva Migrans- Visceral

Answer 14

wheezing, CNS symptoms (eosinophilic menegoencephalitis), eosinophilia

Question 15

Larva Migrans- Cutaneous

Answer 15

eosinophillic granuloma
tracts in skin
intense itching

Question 16

Strongolyoides- is a major problem in what population

Answer 16

immunocompromised
kidney transplant recipients
HIV

Question 17

Larva Migrans- what is going on with this

Answer 17

helminth invades wrong host, and doesn’t know what to do so it travels all over

Question 18

Cestodes- tapeworm- tx

Answer 18

Praziquantel

Question 19

Tanenia Solium

Answer 19

pigs are intermediate host

humans are the final host via eating encysted larvae

Question 20

what happens if humans eat the Taenia solium eggs and not the larvae?

Answer 20

eggs hatch in smal intestine and migrate to form cystiecerci in the muscle and brain = cysticercosis

Question 21

Cysticercosis

Answer 21

consequence of Taenia Solium eggs not larvae

seizures, obstructie hydrocephalus, eosinophilia

Question 22

Cysticercosis- tx

Answer 22

Albendazole instead of praziqunetel

Question 23

Taenia Sagniata- vector

Answer 23

Raw beef

Question 24

Dihyloobothrium Latum- transmission

Answer 24

eat larvae of freshwater fish

Question 25

Dihyloobothrium latum- Sx

Answer 25

pernicious anemia

Question 26

Echionococcus- vector

Answer 26

From Sheepdog

Question 27

Enchinoccous- where does infect in the body

Answer 27

hydatid cysts in the liver

Question 28

Enchinococcus- tx

Answer 28

surgical removal but have to be careful b/c can cause a lethal hypersensitivity rxn when Ag get into the blood

Question 29

Cestodes

Answer 29

Taenia Solium Taenia Saginatum Diphyloobothrium Echinoccocus

Question 30

Trematodes

Answer 30

Schistosoma | Paragonimiasis

Question 31

Trematodes- tx

Answer 31

Prazaquintel

Question 32

Schistosoma- transmission

Answer 32

water born in infected snails

Question 33

Schistosoma- where does in live in body

Answer 33

mesenteric and portal vein

Question 34

Schistosoma- causes

Answer 34

KATAYAMA FEVER cercarial dermatitis hepatosplenomegaly Eosinophilia

Question 35

Paragonimiasis- transmission

Answer 35

fresh water crustaceans

Question 36

Paragonimiasis- Sx

Answer 36

eosinophilic granulomas in the lung parenchyma

Question 37

Paragonimiasis- what resemble

Answer 37

Tb

Question 38

Protozoa- definition

Answer 38

free living single celled eukaryotes

Question 39

Malaria- protozoal causes

Answer 39

Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium. Vivax Plasmodium Ovale Plasmodium Malariae

Question 40

Malaria tx

Answer 40

Chloroquine | Primaquine

Question 41

Babesiosis- b. Microti, b. divergens- vector

Answer 41

ixodes scapularis tick (also caries lyme disease)

Question 42

Babesiosis- b. microti, b. divergens- blood smear

Answer 42

Maltgese cross

Question 43

Babesoides- b.microti, b.diverges- tx

Answer 43

quinine + clindamycin

Question 44

Leishmaniasis- vector

Answer 44

sandfly bite

Question 45

Leishmaniasis- appearance

Answer 45

Leishman Donovan bodies

Question 46

Leishminiasis- tx

Answer 46

stibogluconate sodium or | pentamidine isethioiate

Question 47

Trypanasoma brucei rhodesiense (more severe than) T.b. gambiense- dz

Answer 47

African sleeping sickness

Question 48

Ssx of African sleeping sickness

Answer 48

skin ulcer that heals in 2 weeks fever,HA, arthralgias Winterbottoms sign (tender LAD on back of neck)

Question 49

Tx of African Sleeping Sickness

Answer 49

Sumarin or pentamide | Melaarsoprol if CNS is involved

Question 50

T.b Rhodensiense T.b. Gambiense- vector

Answer 50

Tse Tse fly

Question 51

T. Cruzi- dz

Answer 51

Chagas dz

Question 52

Chagas dz- Ssx

Answer 52

Chagoma Cardiac arrhythmia dilated cardiomyopathy toxic megacolon

Question 53

Chagas dz- is MCC of what world wide

Answer 53

Heart failure

Question 54

Chagas dz tx

Answer 54

nifurtimox or pentamide isethionate

Question 55

T. Cruzi- vector

Answer 55

Reduviid bug- kissing bug | feeding on deficating person --> person scratches --> feces gets into chagoma--> transmit amastigotes

Question 56

Entamoeba histolytica- Ssx

Answer 56

Blood diarrhea, hepatic avcesses, often asymptomatic | THIS IS THE ONLY PARASITE THAT EATS RBCS

Question 57

Entamoeba histolytica- Tx

Answer 57

Metronidazole- especially in ther eare hepatic abcesses

Question 58

Giardia lamblia- where does it live

Answer 58

mount spring water

Question 59

Giardia lamlblia- motility?

Answer 59

yes.. it has a flagella

Question 60

Giardia lamblia- Ssx

Answer 60

steatorrhea

Question 61

Giardia lamblia-tx

Answer 61

furazolinode for peds | metronidazole

Question 62

Trichimonas Vaginalis- Ssx

Answer 62

yellow/ Green frothy vaginal discharge itiching burning on urination

Question 63

Trichimonias vaginalis- tx

Answer 63

metronidazole to pt and sexual partners

Question 64

Protozoans found in AIDS pts

Answer 64

Toxoplasma Gondii Cryptosporidium PCP Isospora belli

Question 65

Toxoplasma Gondii- Ssx

Answer 65

encephalitis, chorioretinitis, splenomegaly

Question 66

T. Gondii- in pregnancy

Answer 66

pregnant women should avoid Cats | This is a ToRCH infection

Question 67

T. Gondii tx

Answer 67

Sulfadiazine Pyrimethamine Folic Acid

Question 68

T. Gondii- congenital infection

Answer 68

Choriorentinitis, hydrocephalus, and intracranial calcifications

Question 69

Cryptosporidium- transmission

Answer 69

Swimming pools Eating fruit A problem in daycare centers

Question 70

Cyrptosporidium- Ssx

Answer 70

watery diarrhea

Question 71

Cryptosporidium- tx

Answer 71

Paramomycin for adults w/ HIV | Nitazoxanide for kids

Question 72

PCP- Ssx

Answer 72

Interstial pneumonia | non productive cough

Question 73

PCP- tx

Answer 73

TMP- SMX

Question 74

Isospora belli- Ssx

Answer 74

Diarrhea | Eosinophilia

Question 75

Isosopora belli- tx

Answer 75

TMP- SMX