Ureters, urinary bladder and micturition Flashcards
What are three basic renal processes?
Glomerular filtration
Tubular secretion
Tubular reabsorption
Where are the major and minor calyces found?
major - pelvis of ureters
minor - medulla
What is the role of the major and minor calyces?
Collect ultra-filtrate from the collecting ducts and empty it into renal pelvis
What are the four layers of the ureter?
Adventitia, muscular region, lamina propia and urothelium
What two types of muscle are present in the muscular region?
Outer circular layer
Inner longitudinal layer
What 3 features are lined by the urothelium?
Renal pelvis
Ureters
Urinary bladder
How are the inner longitudinal muscle fibres arranged?
Bundles parallel with long axis
How are the outer circular muscle fibres arranged?
Circular
What is the function of the urothelium?
Permeability barrier
coated with uroplakin molecules - tight barrier
What types of cells are found in the urothelium?
Intermediate between stratified cuboidal and stratified squamous epithelia
What are the three layers of the bladder urothelium?
Basal layers (cuboidal) - 1 layer
Intermediate layers (columnar) - 7 layers
Surface cells (umbrella cells)
What are umbrella cells interconnected by?
Tight junctions and apical membrane contains uroplakin proteins
When do peristaltic contractions occur?
Renal calyxes and upper regions of the ureters become distended
Where do the peristaltic waves originate from?
Electrical pacemakers in proximal portion of renal pelves
myogenic
What are the 3 features of the ureterovesical junction?
Fundus comprised of detrusor muscle
Internal urethral sphincter
External urethral muscle