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Digestion and Excretion > Microflora and Mucosal Immune System > Flashcards

Microflora and Mucosal Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

What are 3 GIT immune barriers?

A

Saliva, Epithelial barriers and the stomach

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2
Q

Where are the highest numbers of microbes found in the GIT?

A

Colon

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3
Q

What are 3 functions of microbial gut and give an example.

A

Metabolic functions - helps to produce short chain fatty acids
Protective functions - pathogen displacement
Structural functions - induction of lgA

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4
Q

What are 2 types of lymphocytes?

A

T-cells (thymus)
B-cells (bone marrow)

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5
Q

Where can B and T cells be found?

A

Distal Lymphoid aggregates eg. Peyers patches

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6
Q

What protein is found on helper T lymphocytes?

A

CD4

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7
Q

What protein is found on cytotoxic T lymphocytes?

A

CD8

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8
Q

Which t helper cell responses predominate in the gut?

A

TH2

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9
Q

What is the role of cytotoxic T cells?

A

Direct killing

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10
Q

What is the role of TH1 cells?

A

Help macrophages

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11
Q

What is the role of TH2 cells?

A

Help B cells
Activate B cells

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12
Q

What are dendritic cells?

A

Antigen presenting cells in adaptive and innate response

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13
Q

What is the role of phagocytes?

A

First responders to infection

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14
Q

What is the role of epithelial cells?

A

barrier function facilitated by goblet cells

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15
Q

What do goblet cells secrete?

A

Mucins
Lysozyme

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16
Q

What do Paneth cells secrete?

A

Defensins granules
lgA
crypts of Lieberkühn

17
Q

What is immune tolerance?

A

Tolerance to microbiota by M cells

18
Q

What is oral tolerance?

A

Tolerance to ingested soluble antigens by dendritic cells

19
Q

Where are M cells found?

A

Gut associated lymphoid tissue
Interspersed between enterocytes
Close contact with subepithelial lymphocytes and dendritic cells

20
Q

What is a feature of M cells?

A

Basolateral membrane is invaginated and contains T cells, B cells and macrophages

21
Q

What is the function of M cells?

A

Take up antigens from gut lumen by endocytosis

22
Q

Where are NOD like receptors found?

A

Cytoplasm

23
Q

What do NOD like receptors recognise?

A

PAMPs

24
Q

What do NOD like receptors activate?

A

Intracellular signaling cascade via NFKappaB or Capase

25
Q

What are NOD2 polymorphism linked to?

A

Bowel disease

26
Q

Where are TLRs found?

A

Plasma and endosome membrane

27
Q

What are TLRs associated with?

A

Innate immune response (pro-inflammatory)

28
Q

What does Inflammatory Bowel Disease result from?

A

Inappropriate inflammatory response to intestinal microbes in a genetically susceptible host

29
Q

What does Crohn’s disease affect?

A

Any part of GIT
Skio lesions

30
Q

What does Ulcerative colitis affect?

A

Colon

31
Q

What is C.difficile Colitis?

A

Over colonization by C.diff (lack of pathogen displacement by commensal bacteria)
Causes toxic release and cell death

Digestion and Excretion (22 decks)

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