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Digestion and Excretion > Pancreatic Secretions and Spleen > Flashcards

Pancreatic Secretions and Spleen Flashcards

1
Q

What does the pancreas develop from?

A

Dorsal and ventral bud from small intestine
Dorsal appears first, opposite hepatic duct
Ventral appears later at junction

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2
Q

Name the parts of the dorsal pancreas.

A

Body, tail, isthmus, accessory pamcreatic duct

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3
Q

Name the parts of the ventral pancreas.

A

Pancreatic head, uncinate process and main pancreatic duct

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4
Q

Which pancreas becomes dominant after fusion?

A

The ducts of the ventral pancreas becomes dominant

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5
Q

What happens in pancreas divisum?

A

Ductal systems of the 2 buds do not fuse and dorsal duct system remains well developed

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6
Q

What is the main pancreatic called?

A

Duct of Wirsung (ventral pancreas)

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7
Q

What is the accessory pancreatic duct called?

A

Duct of Santorini (dorsal)

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8
Q

What can lead to acute pancreatitis?

A

Obstruction of pancreatic ducts

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9
Q

What are the endocrine parts of the pancreas?

A

islets of Langerhans, insulin, glucagon

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10
Q

What are the exocrine parts of the pancreas?

A

Pancreatic acini, pancreatic juice

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11
Q

What two components make up pancreatic juice?

A

Aqueous and enzymatic

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12
Q

What are the exocrine pancreas stimulated and inhibited by?

A

Stimulated by vagus
Inhibited by sympathetic nerves

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13
Q

What produces the enzymatic component of the pancreatic juice?

A

Acinar cells

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14
Q

What produces the aqueous component of pancreatic juice?

A

Duct cells

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15
Q

What makes up the aqueous component?

A

High levels of bicarbonate ions - neutralize gastric acid in chyme

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16
Q

What stimulates the secretion of the aqueous component?

A

Secretin

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17
Q

Where is the bicarbonate for secretion by the Centro acinar duct cells sourced?

A
  1. Intracellularly by the activity of Carbonic Anyhydrase
  2. Basolaterally through import via HCO3-/Na+ symporter
18
Q

What allows the exchange of HCO3- with Cl- in the lumen?

A

Apical CFTR Cl- channel

19
Q

What happens in cystic fibrosis regarding the CFTR channel?

A

Conductance is reduced leading to decreased pancreatic secretion

20
Q

How is energy consumed in the Centro-acinar duct cell?

A

When the basolateral sodium potassium ATPase moves sodium out and potassium in

21
Q

What is ionic composition dependent on?

A

Flow rate of pancreatic juice

22
Q

What makes up the enzymatic component of Acinar cells?

A

Amylase, DNAase, RNAase, elastase and 3 lipases

23
Q

Name the 3 lipases.

A

Triacylglycerol hydrolase, cholesterol ester hydrolase and phospholipase

24
Q

What are the 3 proteolytic enzymes?

A

Trypsin (activated by enterokinase)
Chympotrypsinogen andprocarboxypeptidase (activated by trypsin)

25
Q

Where is trypsin inhibitor produced?

A

Pancreatic tissue

26
Q

What is Orlistat?

A

A lipase inhibitor
Treats obesity by preventing hydrolysation of triglycerides into fatty acids

27
Q

What is Olestra?

A

Synthetic ‘fat’ composed 7-8 fatty acids attached to a sugar backbone
Dissolves fat soluble vitamins
Passes through GIT unabsorbed

28
Q

What inhibits secretin secretion?

A

Neutralization of intestinal acid

29
Q

What controls the intestinal phase of pancreatic secretion?

A

Hormone CCK and vago-vagal signalling

30
Q

What is the cephalic phase mediated by?

A

Vagus
Direct: ACh and VIP release from vagal pancreatic branches and ganglia
Indirect: gastrin

31
Q

What is the gastric phase mediated by?

A

Gastro-pancreatic vago0vagal reflex
Gastrin

32
Q

What is the intestinal phase mediated by?

A

CCK
Vago-vagal reflex

33
Q

What does CCK from I cells activate?

A

Vagal sensory fibres

34
Q

What does CCK from fat and protein stimulate?

A

Acinar cells (enzymes)

35
Q

What is pancreatitis?

A

Inflammation of the pancreas caused by activation of trypsin

36
Q

How can you diagnose pancreatitis?

A

Transient rise in serum amylase and serum lipases

37
Q

What is the spleen?

A

Largest single accumulation of lymphoid tissue

38
Q

What are the functions of the spleen?

A

Filters blood. protection against blood-borne antigens, produces antibodies and activated lymphocytes

39
Q

What is the white pulp of the spleen made up of?

A

Lymphoid cells

40
Q

What is the red pulp of the spleen made up of?

A

Splenic sinusoids
Splenic cords
Removes RBCs and recycles iron

Digestion and Excretion (22 decks)

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