Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Digestion and Excretion > Swallowing and Stomach Histology > Flashcards

Swallowing and Stomach Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Define peristalsis.

A

Wave-like contractions promoting motility in GIT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What muscles are involved in peristalsis in the esophagus?

A

Inner circular muscle and outer longitudinal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How is primary peristalsis in the esophagus initiated?

A

By swallow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is secondary peristalsis in the esophagus initiated?

A

Distension of esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Can peristalsis in the esophagus still occur after vagotomy?

A

Yes. Normal swallowing involves both ANS and ENS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is peristalsis controlled?

A

Sequential activation of motor neurons
Role of enteric nervous system to co-ordinate contractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What neurotransmitter drives contraction behind the bolus?

A

ACh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What neurotransmitter drives relaxation infront of the the bolus?

A

NO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type of inhibition occurs in the esophagus during multiple rapid swallow?

A

Deglutitive inhibition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Esophageal Achalasia?

A

Motility disorder
Impaired or absent peristalsis
Distended esophagus and ‘bird beak’ appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Corkscrew Esophagus?

A

Impaired motility
Un-coordinated contractions
Diffuse spasms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What allows the stomach to churn food in another way?

A

Oblique muscle layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 4 regions of the stomach?

A

Cardia, fundus, body/corpus, pylorus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What hormones are produced in the stomach?

A

Gastrin and Ghrelin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the cardia’s function?

A

Relaxation
Mainly mucous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the fundus/body’s function?

A

Mixing
Mainly gastric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the pylorus’ function?

A

Muscular - aids physical digestion
Mainly mucous

18
Q

Describe the surface mucous cell?

A

Produces thick mucous
HIgh in bicarbonate
Protects stomach from itself

19
Q

Describe the mucous neck cell?

A

Present in neck or isthmus
Less columnar - rounded nuclei
Less alkaline secretion - containing mucin

20
Q

Describe the parietal cell?

A

Present in neck and deeper parts of the gland
Strong eosinophilic staining (pink)
Intracellular canaliculus - many folds for proton pump expression
Secretes HCL and intrinsic factor

21
Q

Describe the chief cell?

A

Lower region of gastric gland
Produces pepsinogen and gastric lipase

22
Q

Describe the enteroendocrine cell?

A

Gastrin producing cells in pylous
5HT producing cell

23
Q

Describe the stem cell?

A

Undiiferentiated cells

24
Q

What is the role of gastric mucous?

A

Mechanical and viscosity protection
Protects from auto-digestion

25
Q

What is mucous secretion stimulated by?

A

Prostaglandins

26
Q

What inhibits prostaglandins?

A

NSAIDS

27
Q

What does gastric acid do?

A

Denatures proteins - exposes peptide bonds
Converts pepsinogen into pepsin
Protective role - low pH not permissive for bacterial growth (bar H.pylori)

28
Q

What produces H+ and HCO3- in the parietal cell?

A

Carbonic anhydrase

29
Q

How does H+ move in the parietal cell?

A

Moves apically by active transport

30
Q

What maintains the pH of the parietal cell?

A

HCO3- moving out of the cell across the basolateral membrane

31
Q

Where is H+/K+ATPase mainly found in the parietal cell?

A

Apical surface

32
Q

What reabsorbs K+

A

Na+/K+ATPase using active transport

33
Q

What intrinsic factor is produced by parietal cells?

A

Glycoprotein produced in fundus and corpus

34
Q

What is the glycoproteins optimum pH?

A

7 - required for uptake of vitamin B12

35
Q

What does vitamin B12 bind to before the glycoprotein?

A

Haptocorrin

36
Q

Where is B12 absorbed?

A

Endocytosed by cells in the terminal ileum

37
Q

How is B12 released?

A

In complexes with transcobalamin II in the cells

38
Q

What is a clinical condition of loss of parietal cells?

A

Pernicious Anaemia

39
Q

What do G-cells produce?

A

Gastrin hormone into the blood
Promotes gastric acid secretion

40
Q

What do D-cells produce?

A

Somatostatin
Inhibits G cells

41
Q

What do EC cells produce?

A

Serotonin and substance P
Promotes gut motility

Digestion and Excretion (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions