Urbanisation Y8 Flashcards
Definition of a settlement
Collection dwellings where groups of people live in the same area
Definition of urban area
A built up area (a town or city)
Definition of a rural area
The countryside
Examples of urban settlements
Cities and larger towns
Examples of rural settlements
Hamlets, villages and smaller towns (especially market towns)
What are market towns
Small towns in rural areas centred around a market for farming produce, but with other non-farming functions
What is urbanisation
An increasing percentage of a country’s population living in towns and cities
How are cities decided?
City status granted by monarch
Uks largest city
London
Uks smallest city
St David’s
Is London one city?
London is two cities the city of London and the city of Westminster
What is push factor?
Something that makes you want to leave a place
What is a pull factor?
Something that makes you want to go to a place
What type of map is used to show population?
Chloropleth
Definition of a megacitiy
A large city with more than 10 million people in population
What continent has most of the world’s largest cities ?
Asia
Worlds largest mega city
Toyko
Worlds largest, mega city in 1950
New York
How many mega cities are there?
33
How many mega cities were there in 1950
One
What percentage of the world’s largest cities were emerging/developing countries in 1950?
30%
What percentage of the worlds largest cities were in emerging/developing countries in 2021 
80%
Why was 2006 a significant point in human history?
The urban and rural population were the same this is the first time more people lived in urban areas (more people had always lived in rural places)
What is predicted to happen to the worlds rural population between 2000 and 2050?
To decrease
What type of map is used to show population or amount of people living in urban areas?
Chloropleth
Is there a positive or negative correlation between level of economic development and level of urbanisation
Positive
What type of countries tend to have higher levels of urbanisation. And why?
Richer countries Because there are more jobs in towns and cities and the richer countries have bigger towns it is because they can fund them.
Why do you richer countries have a lower rate of urbanisation?
Because there’s not many people who don’t already live in towns so less people are moving from rural areas to urban areas
Why do small countries like Singapore have the highest urbanisation levels
Because Singapore is so small the whole country is a city
What was the period when lots of machines Were invented and factories built in the UK
1750-1850 (approx)( Industrial Revolution)
What was Manchester in the 13th century
Market town
In the 14th century what happens in Manchester
Flemish Weavers is settled there . It started the tradition of making wool and linen cloth, people did the spinning and weaving in their own homes
What was Manchesters population in 1760?
17000
What happened to Manchester and 1760?(3)
- The industrial revolution came along. And many of the new machines that were invented work for spinning and weaving fibres to make cloth
-Cotton fibre began to be imported into Liverpool which was connected by river to Manchester. So cotton could be bought to Manchester by boat
-Manchester with its cloth workers, What is an ideal place for Cotton Mills . They sprung up everywhere. So did factories for dying and printing the class, and making me mill machinery. 
What was Manchester’s population in 1853?
300,000
When did Manchester become a city
1853
How did People in Manchester live?
People built cheap houses Close to the mills and factories most were in terraces crammed into narrow streets. Most had only two rooms. They had no running water. People shared outdoor toliets.
Taller housing was built in courtyards off Manchesters main streets. Theses were called tenements. People would be packed everywhere including the cellars.
Slums
The area of workers housing became known as lambs. Soot and fumes from the factories polluted the air. Rubbish lay everywhere. Disease was rife. Over half of the children born in slums would die before the age of five
Why did the population decline in Manchester in 20th century
Countries began to make the same things as Manchester but for a lower price so Manchester is by trees could not compete they shut down and most people lost their jobs and crime rates rose. People had to move to other towns cities to find work
What Is the regeneration of Manchester project?
-Manchester is being promoted as a great place for sport. It’s famous football clubs help.
-It has the UK second biggest shopping centre: Trafford Centre.
-Now has thousands of businesses providing services including Internet services
-It now has a modern city tram service great road and rail links to other cities in the
-UK third biggest airport
-The canal – which once brought coal for factories has been cleaned up. Many trees have been planted
-Rundown housing has been replaced by modern housing

What is a shantytown?
An area of low quality housing in cities in emerging or developing countries.
Are shantytowns legal
People who live in shantytowns are squatters they do not own the land they build their homes on and have no legal rights to be there
Where are shantytowns usually?
Shantytowns are usually found on marginal land – London no one else wants to build on because the slopes of too steep , the flood risk is too great or the land is polluted.
Who lives in shantytowns?
They are home to people who cannot afford accommodation in other parts of the city. Many of these are recent rural- urban migrants
What jobs do people have when they live in shantytowns
Most people work in the informal sector of the economy. These are jobs that people make up some self because they can’t find one more jobs. For example setting up stores to sell things on the street, or providing a taxi service using a rickshaw. These jobs are on registered an unregulated – there is the regular salary and no benefits and pensions, but people don’t have to pay tax and they can be very innovative.
Advantages of shantytowns
-The informal sector he’s unregulated and can encourage entrepreneurialism and creativity
– community spirit and shantytowns can be very strong
– recycling rates in shantytowns are incredibly high People that are used to reusing all sorts of materials that might be discarded in the West.
-The shantytowns dwellers will improve the houses o er time using a DIY approach 
Disadvantages of shantytowns
-Shantytowns are very densely populated and overcrowded
– whilst there are doctors and health clinics there may not be enough for shantytowns populations
– some shantytowns are controlled by violent drug gangs and are a no-go zone for police
-Many shantytowns will not have electricity
-Marginal land is more vulnerable to natural disasters
– many shantytown children will go to primary school but access to secondary schools may be more Ltd
– streets are rarely paved
– disease levels are high due to the unsanitary conditions
– work in the informal sector is tough -long hours, unreliable income
-No waste disposal system
-Lack basic sanitation – lack of mains water and sewage systems
Why did the police not go into shantytowns?
Shantytowns are illegal but because the population it is hard to get rid of them therefore the police just stay away from them
What is the aided self-help scheme for shantytown?
a cooperative effort between city and shantytown dwellers, Authorities provide money and materials to help improve living conditions – tarmac for paving boats, cables for electricity, water pipes. The locals provide the labour to upgrade the infrastructure so that authorities save on workforce costs
What is the micro loan scheme to help shantytowns?
They are provided by Charities and other NGOs (non-governmental organisations). They help small business owners working in the informal economy expand the business, benefiting the economy of a shantytown
What is the site and service scheme for shantytowns?
Allow poor urban residents the chance to buy or rent a piece of land at reduced rates. The land will have the services (E.G Running water, electricity) and will be connected to the rest of the city through public transport
What is the rural investment scheme to help shantytowns?
It doesn’t directly improve shantytowns, but if potential migrants can be persuaded to remain in the countryside through investment and services, healthcare and education, the pressure on shanty towns may decrease
What is the GIS (geographical information systems)
A way of using digital maps to present and analyse data. The data exists in layers – a separate Layer for each different piece of information that your map is showing – and you can use the GIS software to turn layers on and off. In this way you can construct a map that is tailor-made to your requirements and you can see the spatial patterns of data more easily.
What are the five components of GIS
1– hardware e.g. computer
2– methods
3– a map
4– people trained to operate software
5– software (GIS programme)
What does GIS stand for
Geographical information systems
What is raster data?
Rasta data is shown as pixels and is generally used to construct the background map.
It is vector data?
Vector data is made of points which may be joined together to form lines it is used to show map features on top of this background
Advantages of GIS maps over traditional maps
-Compact storage
-Layers make it flexible
-Easily backed up
-Lots of display choices
Which of the data layers are vector?
Parcels, streets, customers
