Tectonic Hazards (volcanoes And Earthquakes) Y9

Question 1

4 Layers of the earth from inside to outside

Answer 1

Inner core
Outer core
Mantle
Crust

Question 2

Layers of earth from least dense to most dense

Answer 2

Continental crust
oceanic crust
Upper mantle
Lower mantle
Outer core
Inner core

Question 3

Difference between continental and oceanic crust

Answer 3

Continental- thicker(30-50km) and less dense
Oceanus - thinner (7km) and denser

Question 4

Temperature of inner core

Answer 4

6000 Celsius

Question 5

What is lithosphere?

Answer 5

All of crust + upper mantle

Question 6

What landforms do constructive margins make?

Answer 6

Volcanoes and Earthquakes

Question 7

What landforms do destructive margins make?

Answer 7

Volcanoes and earthquakes

Question 8

What landforms do conservative margins make?

Answer 8

Earthquake

Question 9

What landforms do collision margins make?

Answer 9

Earthquakes

Question 10

How are constructive margins formed?

Answer 10

Two plates are diverging above the upward plume of a convection cell. Magma rises through the gap between the two plates resulting in volcanoes.
Eruptions and earthalong constructive margin tend to be relatively gentle.

Question 11

How are destructive margins formed?

Answer 11

When two plates, one oceanic crust, one continental crust, are converging. When they meet the oceanic crust dives beneath the continental plate because it’s denser. Known as SUBDUCTION .

Question 12

What can destructive margins form and how?

Answer 12

Continental can buckle upwards creating fold mountains.
Oceanic can get stuck due to friction leading to build up in pressure -earthquakes. Friction also generates heat causing oceanic crust to melt which creates extra magma which rises to surface resulting in violent eruptions

Question 13

What can constructive margins form and how

Answer 13

Volcanoes-Magma rises through the gap between the two plates resulting in volcanoes.
Eruptions and earthquakes constructive margin tend to be relatively gentle.

Question 14

How are collision margins formed?

Answer 14

When two continental plates converge. Because neither plate is denser subduction does not occur. Both plates buckle upwards creating a range of fold mountains.

Question 15

What can form at collision margins and how?

Answer 15

NO volcanoes because there is no rising magma.
But very powerful earthquakes can occur

Question 16

How are conservative margins formed ?

Answer 16

When two plates move alongside each other in opposite or the same direction. This creates pressure -earthquakes

Question 17

What do conservative margins form and how?

Answer 17

When two plates move alongside each other in opposite or the same direction. This creates pressure -earthquakes

Question 18

Qualities of shield volcano(7)

Answer 18

Basic lava
1200 degrees Celsius
Frequent gentle, eruptions
Faster-moving lava flows
Lava travels far from vent before solidifying
Constructive margins
Low viscosity (runny)

Question 19

Qualities of stratovolcano(9)

Answer 19

High viscosity (sticky)
Narrow base, steep sides
Ash clouds
Acidic lava
800degrees Celsius
Composite cone(another name )
Destructive margins
Infrequent, explosive eruptions
Lava gets stuck in vents leading to a build up of pressure

Question 20

Which volcano has low viscosity lava and what does it mean

Answer 20

Shield volcano-runny

Question 21

Which volcano has a narrow base and steep sides?

Answer 21

Stratovolcano

Question 22

Which volcano has infrequent explosive eruptions

Answer 22

Stratovolcano

Question 23

How hot is a stratovolcanoes lava

Answer 23

800 degrees Celsius

Question 24

How hot is a shield volcanoes lava

Answer 24

1200 degrees Celsius

Question 25

Which volcano has high viscosity lava and what does it mean

Answer 25

Stratovolcano-sticky

Question 26

Which volcano has frequent, gentle (effusive) eruptions

Answer 26

Shield volcano

Question 27

What volcanoes lava moves faster?

Answer 27

Shield volcano

Question 28

Broad base, gentle slopes which volcano

Answer 28

Shield volcano

Question 29

Which volcano has acidic lava

Answer 29

Stratovolcano

Question 30

Which volcano has basic lava

Answer 30

Shield volcano

Question 31

What volcano produces ash clouds

Answer 31

Stratovolcano

Question 32

Which volcano is on destructive margins

Answer 32

Stratovolcano

Question 33

Which volcano has lava that travels far from vent before solidifying

Answer 33

Shield volcano

Question 34

Which volcano has slow moving lava that solidifies close to the vent and can sometimes get stuck, leading to a buildup of pressure?

Answer 34

Stratovolcano

Question 35

Which volcano is also called a composite cone

Answer 35

Stratovolcano

Question 36

What volcano is a Hawaiian hotspot

Answer 36

Shield volcano

Question 37

Which volcano is in Arenal, Costa Rica

Answer 37

Stratovolcano

Question 38

What is a magma chamber

Answer 38

A reservoir of molten rock within the crust below a volcano.

Question 39

What is a cone

Answer 39

The volcano itself is called a cone

Question 40

What is a parasitic cone

Answer 40

A smaller cone that develops on the side of a main cone

Question 41

What is a crater

Answer 41

A depression at the summit of the volcano

Question 42

What is a vent

Answer 42

The ‘pipe’ that connects the magma chamber to the crater.

Question 43

Definition of volcano

Answer 43

An opening in the earths crust from which molten rock and gas is ejected into the atmosphere and onto the earths surface. A very large crater called a Caldera

Question 44

What is the epicentre

Answer 44

The point on the earth’s surface directly above the focus, in theory shaking will be strongest here

Question 45

What is the focus?

Answer 45

The point underground where the plates slip and from where the seismic waves radiate outwards

Question 46

What are aftershocks

Answer 46

Smaller earthquakes that occur hours, days or weeks and months following the main event. Caused by plates slipping a little more as they settle down

Question 47

What is a fault line

Answer 47

A fracture in the rock at a plate margin where pressure builds up if the moving plates stick

Question 48

What are seismic waves

Answer 48

Energy waves that radiate out from the focus and cause the ground to shake. Primary waves stretch and compress the ground, whilst secondary waves shake it from side to side

Question 49

What is magnitude

Answer 49

The higher the magnitude of an earthquake the more energy that is released and the greater the potential for damage to buildings and therefore deaths/injuries to people

Question 50

Factors affecting earthquake impacts(7)

Answer 50

Magnitude Geology(soft rocks etc) Population density Distance from epicentre Time of day Depth of focus Level of development

Question 51

What is the mercalli scale

Answer 51

It assesses the impacts of an earthquake by looking at the damages e.g such as structural damages to buildings.

Question 52

What do scientists use to measure earthquakes energy

Answer 52

Scismograph

Question 53

What is the Richter scale

Answer 53

It assesses amount of energy released by earthquake and intensity of shaking.

Question 54

What is the only primary hazard for earthquakes

Answer 54

Ground shaking and displacement

Question 55

Which way is longitude

Answer 55

Vertical

Question 56

Which way is latitude

Answer 56

Horizontal

Question 57

How do you calculate mean

Answer 57

Add all up then divide by amount of numbers

Question 58

How do you calculate mode

Answer 58

Value appears most often

Question 59

How do you calculate median

Answer 59

Order values and find middle

Question 60

How do you calculate range

Answer 60

Biggest -smallest