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Geography > Tectonic Hazards (volcanoes And Earthquakes Y9 > Flashcards

Tectonic Hazards (volcanoes And Earthquakes Y9 Flashcards

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1
Q

4 Layers of the earth from inside to outside

A

Inner core
Outer core
Mantle
Crust

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2
Q

Layers of earth from least dense to most dense

A

Continental crust
oceanic crust
Upper mantle
Lower mantle
Outer core
Inner core

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3
Q

Difference between continental and oceanic crust

A

Continental- thicker(30-50km) and less dense
Oceanus - thinner (7km) and denser

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4
Q

Temperature of inner core

A

6000 Celsius

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5
Q

What is lithosphere?

A

All of crust + upper mantle

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6
Q

What landforms do constructive margins make?

A

Volcanoes and Earthquakes

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7
Q

What landforms do destructive margins make?

A

Volcanoes and earthquakes

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8
Q

What landforms do conservative margins make?

A

Earthquake

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9
Q

What landforms do collision margins make?

A

Earthquakes

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10
Q

How are constructive margins formed?

A

Two plates are diverging above the upward plume of a convection cell. Magma rises through the gap between the two plates resulting in volcanoes.
Eruptions and earthalong constructive margin tend to be relatively gentle.

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11
Q

How are destructive margins formed?

A

When two plates, one oceanic crust, one continental crust, are converging. When they meet the oceanic crust dives beneath the continental plate because it’s denser. Known as SUBDUCTION .

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12
Q

What can destructive margins form and how?

A

Continental can buckle upwards creating fold mountains.
Oceanic can get stuck due to friction leading to build up in pressure -earthquakes. Friction also generates heat causing oceanic crust to melt which creates extra magma which rises to surface resulting in violent eruptions

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13
Q

What can constructive margins form and how

A

Volcanoes-Magma rises through the gap between the two plates resulting in volcanoes.
Eruptions and earthquakes constructive margin tend to be relatively gentle.

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14
Q

How are collision margins formed?

A

When two continental plates converge. Because neither plate is denser subduction does not occur. Both plates buckle upwards creating a range of fold mountains.

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15
Q

What can form at collision margins and how?

A

NO volcanoes because there is no rising magma.
But very powerful earthquakes can occur

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16
Q

How are conservative margins formed ?

A

When two plates move alongside each other in opposite or the same direction. This creates pressure -earthquakes

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17
Q

What do conservative margins form and how?

A

When two plates move alongside each other in opposite or the same direction. This creates pressure -earthquakes

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18
Q

Qualities of shield volcano(7)

A

Basic lava
1200 degrees Celsius
Frequent gentle, eruptions
Faster-moving lava flows
Lava travels far from vent before solidifying
Constructive margins
Low viscosity (runny)

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19
Q

Qualities of stratovolcano(9)

A

High viscosity (sticky)
Narrow base, steep sides
Ash clouds
Acidic lava
800degrees Celsius
Composite cone(another name )
Destructive margins
Infrequent, explosive eruptions
Lava gets stuck in vents leading to a build up of pressure

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20
Q

Which volcano has low viscosity lava and what does it mean

A

Shield volcano-runny

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21
Q

Which volcano has a narrow base and steep sides?

A

Stratovolcano

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22
Q

Which volcano has infrequent explosive eruptions

A

Stratovolcano

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23
Q

How hot is a stratovolcanoes lava

A

800 degrees Celsius

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24
Q

How hot is a shield volcanoes lava

A

1200 degrees Celsius

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25
Q

Which volcano has high viscosity lava and what does it mean

A

Stratovolcano-sticky

26
Q

Which volcano has frequent, gentle (effusive) eruptions

A

Shield volcano

27
Q

What volcanoes lava moves faster?

A

Shield volcano

28
Q

Broad base, gentle slopes which volcano

A

Shield volcano

29
Q

Which volcano has acidic lava

A

Stratovolcano

30
Q

Which volcano has basic lava

A

Shield volcano

31
Q

What volcano produces ash clouds

A

Stratovolcano

32
Q

Which volcano is on destructive margins

A

Stratovolcano

33
Q

Which volcano has lava that travels far from vent before solidifying

A

Shield volcano

34
Q

Which volcano has slow moving lava that solidifies close to the vent and can sometimes get stuck, leading to a buildup of pressure?

A

Stratovolcano

35
Q

Which volcano is also called a composite cone

A

Stratovolcano

36
Q

What volcano is a Hawaiian hotspot

A

Shield volcano

37
Q

Which volcano is in Arenal, Costa Rica

A

Stratovolcano

38
Q

What is a magma chamber

A

A reservoir of molten rock within the crust below a volcano.

39
Q

What is a cone

A

The volcano itself is called a cone

40
Q

What is a parasitic cone

A

A smaller cone that develops on the side of a main cone

41
Q

What is a crater

A

A depression at the summit of the volcano

42
Q

What is a vent

A

The ‘pipe’ that connects the magma chamber to the crater.

43
Q

Definition of volcano

A

An opening in the earths crust from which molten rock and gas is ejected into the atmosphere and onto the earths surface. A very large crater called a Caldera

44
Q

What is the epicentre

A

The point on the earth’s surface directly above the focus, in theory shaking will be strongest here

45
Q

What is the focus?

A

The point underground where the plates slip and from where the seismic waves radiate outwards

46
Q

What are aftershocks

A

Smaller earthquakes that occur hours, days or weeks and months following the main event. Caused by plates slipping a little more as they settle down

47
Q

What is a fault line

A

A fracture in the rock at a plate margin where pressure builds up if the moving plates stick

48
Q

What are seismic waves

A

Energy waves that radiate out from the focus and cause the ground to shake. Primary waves stretch and compress the ground, whilst secondary waves shake it from side to side

49
Q

What is magnitude

A

The higher the magnitude of an earthquake the more energy that is released and the greater the potential for damage to buildings and therefore deaths/injuries to people

50
Q

Factors affecting earthquake impacts(7)

A

Magnitude
Geology(soft rocks etc)
Population density
Distance from epicentre
Time of day
Depth of focus
Level of development

51
Q

What is the mercalli scale

A

It assesses the impacts of an earthquake by looking at the damages e.g such as structural damages to buildings.

52
Q

What do scientists use to measure earthquakes energy

A

Scismograph

53
Q

What is the Richter scale

A

It assesses amount of energy released by earthquake and intensity of shaking.

54
Q

What is the only primary hazard for earthquakes

A

Ground shaking and displacement

55
Q

Which way is longitude

A

Vertical

56
Q

Which way is latitude

A

Horizontal

57
Q

How do you calculate mean

A

Add all up then divide by amount of numbers

58
Q

How do you calculate mode

A

Value appears most often

59
Q

How do you calculate median

A

Order values and find middle

60
Q

How do you calculate range

A

Biggest -smallest

Geography (6 decks)

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