Urbanisation and Mumbai Flashcards

1
Q

What is urbanisation

A

The proportion of people living in urban areas

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2
Q

What is urbanisation caused by

A

Rural-urban migration and natural increase

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3
Q

Examples of push factors out of rural areas

A

Natural disasters
Mechanised agricultural equipment

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4
Q

Examples of pull factors to urban areas

A

More jobs
Better education
Better healthcare
Better QoL

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5
Q

What are megacities

A

Urban areas with more than 10 million residents

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6
Q

How many megacities were there in 2020

A

34

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7
Q

What is natural increase

A

Where birth rate > death rate

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8
Q

Where is Mumbai

A

The western coast of the Maharashtra state in India

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9
Q

What is the regional importance of Mumbai

A

People commute to work
Contributes 40% of the income for the state
Software development

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10
Q

What is the national importance of Mumbai

A

India’s commercial and financial capital

25% of India’s industrial output

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11
Q

What is the international importance of Mumbai

A

Large numbers of international companies have their HQs there - such as Disney and Volkswagen

Tourism is also becoming increasingly popular

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12
Q

Why is Mumbai growing

A

Natural increase - has a fertility rate of 2 children per woman

Migration - work, better education, fleeing

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13
Q

How has urban growth in Mumbai caused social opportunity

A

Healthcare - The Sion hospital admits more than 60000 patients each year

Better education - 89.7% literacy rate

Water - The Mumbai Slum Sanitation project aims to improve sanitation facilities for up to a million dwellers across the city. Over 300 community toilet blocks have been built, housing more than 5100 individual toilets, with separate facilities for men and women.

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14
Q

Pros and cons of urban growth in Mumbai

A

Increased the opportunity for employment - 6% of India’s GDP

Move into more tertiary sectors as more skilled individuals are moving there whereas before it was highly industrial

Bollywood film industry

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15
Q

What challenges have arised due to urban growth in Mumbai

A

Squatter settlements - Dharavi slum houses 1.2 million people

Providing clean water and energy - Only 60% of houses are connected to the sewage system

Pollution of the Mithi river - 800 million litres of sewage a day

Providing access to services

Reducing unemployment and crime - poverty has meant that some have to resort to crime. 23% of the population have been exposed to bribery

Pollution - 4000 cases of typhoid a day
3500 people die on railways each year
Only 30% of 9400 metric tonnes of waste produced by Mumbai each day gets treated

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16
Q

What is vision Mumbai

A

A £20bn project to improve:

Sewage
Security
Heating
Introduction of street lighting

This will be done by building high-rise tower block apartments to replace the slum