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Geography AQA GCSE > Tropical rainforests > Flashcards

Tropical rainforests Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the climate generally like in tropical rainforests

A

20-28 degrees

Rainfall is high - around 2000mm per year

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2
Q

What is soil like in tropical rainforests

A

Not very fertile as rain washes nutrients away

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3
Q

What are plants like in tropical rainforests

A

Most trees are evergreen to help them take advantage of the continual growing season

Little light reaches floor

Lots of epiphytes because of competition

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4
Q

How much of life do rainforests contain

A

Around 50% of all life on Earth

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5
Q

What kind of ecosystems are rainforests

A

Interdependent

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6
Q

How have plants adapted to conditions

A

Tall - sunlight

Waxy leaves - encourages runoff so the plant isn’t damaged

Climbing plants - such as Lianas use trees to reach sunlight

Smooth thin bark - helps runoff

Buttress roots - large and stable to support the tree

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7
Q

What are the 4 layers of the rainforest

A

Emergent
Main canopy
Undercanopy
Shrub layer

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8
Q

How much of Malaysia’s land is covered by rainforest

A

67%

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9
Q

Causes of deforestation in Malaysia

A

Subsistence farming - slash and burn

Commercial farming - world’s largest exporter of palm oil

Logging - top exporter of tropical hardwoods in the 1980s

Road building - deforestation to make room for roads

Mineral extraction - tropical rainforests have areas rich in minerals and gemstones ( copper and aluminium)

Energy development - Bakun hydroelectric dam (700km^2)

Transmigration - poorer people moving into the countryside has set up settlements and palm oil plantations

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10
Q

Pros and cons of development in Malaysia

A

Pros:
Economy
Better transport
QoL

Cons:
Environmental damage
Habitat destruction
Tourism may decrease

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11
Q

What is happening as a result of deforestation in Malaysia

A

Soil erosion (topsoil)
CO2 in atmosphere increasing

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12
Q

How can rainforests be sustainably managed

A

Selective logging - Helicopter logging is used in Sarawak, Malaysia (dragging felled trees using helicopters)

Replanting

Ecotourism

Education - Rainforest Alliance in Guatemala

Conservation

Reducing debt - In 2011 the US reduced Indonesia’s debt by 29 million US dollars in exchange for conserving their rainforests

International hardwood agreements - FSC mark sustainably-sourced timber with their logo

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Geography AQA GCSE (17 decks)

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