Glaciers Flashcards
How do glaciers erode the landscape as they move
Abrasion - rocks in the ice grind against rock below
Plucking - meltwater freezes onto rock and as the glacier moves forward it picks up the piece of rock
How do glaciers move
Basal slip - meltwater lubricates the glacier so that it can slide downhill
Bulldozing - as it moves it pushes loose material ahead of it
What is material left behind by glaciers called
Till
What is material transported by materials
Moraine
How do corries form
Snow accumulates in hollow and is compressed into ice
Plucking steepens the back wall and abrasion deepens the hollow
Rotational slip gouges out the deep hollow
Raised lip at front and a steep back wall after formation
Can fill will water to form a tarn
What is an arete
A narrow ridge separating 2 corries
What are some glacial valley landforms
Truncated spurs - glaciers cut through interlocking spurs
Glacial trough - a steep sided, wide, flat-bottomed valley formed by abrasion
Ribbon lakes - long, narrow lakes formed from severe erosion of glacial trough
Types of moraine
Lateral moraine - forms at the edges of the glacier and consists mostly of scree from freeze-thaw weathering
Medial moraine - forms when a tributary glacier joins the main glacier
Ground moraine - material transported below a glacier
Terminal moraine - forms when material piles up at a glacier’s snout
Opportunities in glaciated areas
Farming - lowland glaciated areas may be covered with a layer of fertile till
Forestry - Coniferous trees can be cut for ‘soft’ wood
Quarrying - upland glaciated areas consist of hard resistant rock which can be quarried
Tourism - Can be used for activities e.g Cairngorm mountain activity centres
What are drumlins
Smooth egg-shaped hills
Found in clusters on the floor of a glacial trough
Consist of moraine that has been shaped by moving ice
Usually have a blunt end (closest to ice) and a tapered end (furthest)
Conflict in glaciated areas (Kirkstone pass)
A project to build 3 16m wind turbines was completed in 2012
The turbine provides energy for a pub
Some people agree with the scheme due to ‘green’ energy
Some people opposed it as:
The turbines spoil the natural landscape
House prices might fall
Development vs Conservation (Glenridding Zip Wire)
In 2014 Treetop Trek put forward a proposal to construct 4 one-mile long zip-wires
Strong local opposition
The scheme didn’t go ahead
What are the attractions of the lake district
Physical:
Lakes e.g Windmere
Cultural:
Landscape has inspired poets e.g Wordsworth and writers
Monuments such as Muncaster Castle
Impacts of tourism in the Lake District
Social:
90% of visitors arrive by car
14.8 million visitors in 2014 (facilities)
Economic:
Tourists spent £1 billion in 2014 supporting hotels, shops and restaurants
Environmental:
Sites are overcrowded
Walkers damage farmland
Litter
Management strategies for Lake District
Traffic congestion:
Building dual-carriageways to improve access
Introducing traffic calming measures
Footpath erosion:
Upland Path Landscape Restoration Project
