Economic development in the UK Flashcards
How has the UK economy changed
Used to be heavily manufacturing
Now it is more tertiary and quaternary sectors
In 2017, these 2 sectors employed 83% of the UK’s workforce
What are the main causes of economic change in the UK
De-industrialisation
Globalisation
Government policies
What is a post-industrial economy
Where the manufacturing sector declines and is replaced by a growth in the service and quaternary sectors
How many people does the quaternary sector employ in the UK
60 000
Contributes to £3 billion of the UK economy
What is a science park
A group of scientific and technical knowledge-based businesses
Southampton Science park
100 small businesses
Excellent transport links - close to the M3
Links with the university
Attractive location with green areas
What is a business park
An area of land that is occupied by a cluster of businesses
Usually located on the edge of towns where:
Land is cheaper
Access is better with less congestion
Businesses can benefit from working together
Impacts of industry on the physical environment
Eyesore
Direct pollution
Transport of raw materials can cause pollution
How can industrial development be more sustainable
Care in design
Technology can be used to reduce emissions
Desulphurisation can remove harmful gases
Impacts of quarrying
Destruction of natural habitats
Pollute water courses
Scar landscapes
How to make quarrying more sustainable
Strict controls on blasting
Recycling is encouraged
Companies are expected to restore or improve a quarry after it has been used
Torr Quarry, Somerset
Limestone quarry in the Mendip Hills
Contributes more than £15 million towards the UK economy each year
The quarry is being restored to create wildlife lakes
200 acres of the site have already been landscaped
Regular monitoring of air, water and noise quality
How is the population of South Cambridgeshire changing
The population of 150 000 is increasing
Increasingly ageing population
80% car ownership leads to congested roads
Young people move away due to high cost of housing
Lack of affordable housing
How is the population of the Outer Hebrides changing
The population has declined by more than 50% since 1901
Fall in number of young people and the increasingly ageing population don’t have people to support them
There has been an increase in tourism but the current infrastructure cannot support the required amount
How are the UKs roads improving
100 new road schemes by 2020
1300 new lane miles added to motorways
The South-West ‘super highway’ will be a £2 billion road widening project which creates a dual carriageway between Exeter and Basingstoke
How are the UKs railways improving
Improving the trans-Pennine rail links by reducing journey times by up to 15 minutes
HS2 which connects London with Birmingham, Sheffield, Leeds, Manchester
How are the UKs ports improving
32 million passengers pass through UK ports each year
Liverpool2
Will increase the port’s capacity to over 1.5 million containers a year
This will create jobs and boost the regional economy
How are the UKs airports improving
In 2015 a government report recommended a 3rd runway at Heathrow airport
This would increase capacity by 700 planes a day
What is the North-South divide
Refers to real or imagined cultural and economic differences between the South of England and the rest of the UK
e.g the average weekly wage in Huddersfield in 2014 was 40% lower than that of London
Why is there a North-South divide
London and the South-East of the UK developed rapidly due to a fast growing service sector
How can regional strategies address the North-South divide
LEPs
e.g the Lancashire LEP:
Promote new businesses and create 50 000 jobs by 2023
£20 million investment with extended superfast
Create 6000 high-skilled jobs in Enterprise Zones
What are the UKs links with the EU
Financial support for farmers
EU laws
Free movement of goods
