urbanisation and its processes Flashcards
what is urbanisation
a process where an increasing proportion of the population lives in towns and cities
what is rural-urban migration
A process in which people move from the countryside to the towns and cities
what is natural increase
Where the birth rate is higher than the death rate.
why is natural increase common as people move to the cities
A high proportion of young adults migrating into a cities resulting in high levels of birth.
Falling death rates due to improved medical care.
when did the world become more urban than rural
2007
where does most urbanisation take place
emerging and developing countries
why are urbanisation rates so high in LIC’s
Push and pull factors are leading to high rates of rural to urban migration in LIC’s.
Most new economic development in these countries is concentrated in the big cities.
Cities are experiencing high rates of natural increase
what are urbanisation rates so low in HIC’s
In many HICs the process started earlier (the vast majority of people moved to the cities when industry was developing).
Many cities are already overcrowded in HICs so some people are tending to move to rural areas.
It has become easier in many HICs for people to commute to work or work remotely from home in rural areas, using internet/email technology.
what are the four stages in the urbanisation pathway
- early urbanisation
- accelerating urbanisation
- mature urbanisation
- counter urbanisation
what is agglomeration
The concentration of people and economic activities at favourable locations.
E.g. Rivers, mineral resources, flat land
what is suburbanisation
Suburbanisation is a population expanding from central urban areas into suburbs
why does suburbanisation take place
Improvements in transport between suburbs and town centre
Over-crowding and congestion
Decline in the quality of the residential areas near the centre
what is counter urbanisation
This isa process in which certain groups of people, often the better off, leave urban areas for rural areas
what is urban regeneration
This is the investment in the revival of older urban areas by either improving what is there or clearing it away and rebuilding. This then becomes attractive place to live and/or work leading to urban re-imaging
what is urbanisation of suburbs
Vacant buildings/empty spaces are being renovated or developed in the suburbs. Big houses with gardens are being turned into flats and shops/services are spreading out to these extremities.
