Urbanisation Flashcards
What has happened to the number of people living in urban areas since 1945?
Has increased dramatically
What % lived in urban areas in 1950?
30%
What % lived in urban areas in 2014?
Just over 50%
How has the urban population changed since 1945 in the developed world?
The majority of people live in cities but urban population has only increased slightly
Why hasn’t urban population increased much in the developed world?
Because in the industrial revolution lots of people moved to cities to work in mills and factories
What urbanisation is happening in the developing. world?
Most people live in rural areas, but it’s rapidly changing.
What has happened in Beijing since 1970?
The population increased from 4.4 million in 1970 to 20.4 million in 2015
What are the 4 processes that involve the movement of people in and out of urban areas?
Urbanisation, Suburbanisation, Counter-Urbanisation and Urban Resurgence
What is urbanisation?
The growth in the proportion of people living in urban areas
When does urbanisation occur?
It occurs because of migration and natural increase
Why does urbanisation happen?
People migrate to cities for easier access to schools, healthcare and more available jobs
What are most migrants?
Young adults - if they have children the population increases more
What does urbanisation cause in developing countries?
Results in shanty towns - unplanned and illegal settlements made out of available materials
What is suburbanisation?
The migration of people from city centres to the outskirts
What happens as suburbanisation increases?
City centres become overcrowded and people desire more space
Why and when do people move?
There are improvements to transport links meaning people can live further and commute, this is often when they have children or retire
What is the pattern of suburbanisation
Wealthy people move to suburbs for better quality of life leaving behind the poor and foreign immigrants leading to economic and ethnic segregation
What is counter-urbanisation?
movement of people out of the city ti the surrounding villages and rural areas
Why does counter urbanisation happen?
Improvements in transport mean people can commute and people can work from home
Why do people leave cities?
Because of high property prices and overcrowding or some just prefer rural areas
What can Counter-urbanisation lead to?
New housing estates in rural areas. House prices increase so some locals can’t afford it and changes the average age of an area
What is Urban Resurgence?
The movement of people back to the city centre
Why do people move back to the city?
Lack of jobs and people attracted by new developments
Where is urban-resurgence common
Post-industrial countries like the UK or USA
