Urban Forms

Question 1

What is Urban Forms?

Answer 1

The physical characteristics that makeup a city, including size and shape, population density and how the city is arranged

Question 2

How are cities initially established?

Answer 2

In areas with good water supply, fertile soil for growing food, plentiful natural resources and woodland for fuel and good defensive positions (normally on a hill)

Question 3

What happens to urban form over time?

Answer 3

The urban form of the city changes with physical and human factors

Question 4

What are the 4 physical factors?

Answer 4

Topography, Water, Natural Resources and Land Type

Question 5

Explain Topography

Answer 5

Physical features often influence the growth of a city. EG - Steep slopes are harder to build on and less accessible, so they build poorer housing them. Large flat areas encourage low density developments because there’s lots of space to build

Question 6

Explain Water

Answer 6

The presence of lakes and seas limit urban growth, while cities may grow along the course of the river. City centre shops and businesses are usually located close to the waterfront, rather than at geographical centre of the city

Question 7

Explain Natural Resources

Answer 7

Rich. resources, like coal and metal, encourage growth in size and population of cities

Question 8

Explain Land Type

Answer 8

Some ground surfaces are more difficult or expensive to build on than others, like swamps and wetlands can limit urban growth

Question 9

What are the 3 types of human factors?

Answer 9

Planning, Infrastructure and Land value

Question 10

Explain planning

Answer 10

Urban expansion can be planned or unplanned. Eg - lots of urban growth in developing countries is caused by the unplanned expansion of slums. In contrast. planned developments often include open spaces and leisure facilities

Question 11

Explain Infrastructure

Answer 11

New developments are often built along transport links leading to linear growth

Question 12

Explain Land Value

Answer 12

The highest land value is often in the city centre, so profitable businesses locate there, while less profitable businesses may be found further from the centre

Question 13

Explain land prices in the CBD

Answer 13

Cities in developed countries have a CBD - a central zone for shops and businesses. It is surrounded by housing. Although land value is the highest in the city centre, houses generally increase in value with distance away from the city

Question 14

What are inner city areas have high land value like?

Answer 14

housing is typically high density. Wages are often low and many residents live in relative poverty. The proportion of people from ethnic minorities tend to be high

Question 15

Whats land value like in rural areas?

Answer 15

Land value is lower, so residential areas are less dense and have more open space

Question 16

What is found in semi-rural areas and why?

Answer 16

Science parks and shopping centres because of the availability of cheap land close to the city centre

Question 17

What is the difference between a CBD in the developed world and developing world?

Answer 17

Developing world has houses that decrease in value with distance away from the centre

Question 18

Why is high cost buildings around the city centrecin the developing world ?

Answer 18

Because wages are generally high and residents are wealthy

Question 19

What surrounds the high-cost housing in the developing world ?

Answer 19

A zone of medium - cost housing. It have started as an informal settlement, but gradually the housing has been improved and some services provided

Question 20

Where is land value low in the developing world ?

Answer 20

On the outskirts of the city, so low-cost informal housing is built there, often lacking clean water and electricity. Most residents have poorly paid jobs and poverty levels are high. Immigrants from elsewhere in the country and from other developing countries may settle there

Question 21

What 5 features does Modern urban areas have?

Answer 21

Town Centre Mixed Developments, Cultural and Heritage quarters, Fortress developments, Gentrified areas and Edge cities

Question 22

What is Town Centre Mixed Developments?

Answer 22

Areas where land use is mixed - luxury plates, offices, shops and entertainment facilities, so residential, commercial and leisure uses are combined. Developments are planned by local councils, often with private investment

Question 23

What is the aim of Town Centre Mixed Developments ?

Answer 23

To attract people back to city centres by giving them opportunities to live, work and relax

Question 24

What are cultural and heritage quarters?

Answer 24

Areas that focus on the history or character of a city, which exhibits about. the city maritime history. Such areas are often developed by local councils to regenerated former industrial areas. They attract visitors, encouraging economic development. and creating jobs

Question 25

What are fortress developments?

Answer 25

developments with lots of security, such as CCTV, guards and high walls. They’re often located in suburban areas of large cities and only those with permission can enter. They’re designed to give safe environment for families - however only rich people can afford them

Question 26

What are gentrified areas?

Answer 26

It’s when wealthier people move into rundown inner-city areas and regenerate them by improving housing. Gentrified areas often have a large range of services and contain. high-quality housing. However, poorer residents may be displaced as the cost of living increases, leading to social and ethic segregation

Question 27

What are edge cities?

Answer 27

They are new areas of offices, shops and leisure facilities that develop close to major transport links as the land is cheaper. They often contain some housing, but most people Tavel to them for work or to use the available services. The majority of edge cities have developed since the 1950s and 1960s as car ownership has increased. very common. in the USA

Question 28

What are happening to. cities in the developed countries?

Answer 28

They’re gradually moving. away from. uniformity in. architecture and from clear-cut patterns and land use - these are Post-modern western cities. -

Question 29

What are the 5 characteristic of post - modern western cities

Answer 29

• Multiple centres with different purposes rather than a single centre
• A focus of tertiary. and quaternary industry instead of the secondary industry
• Less uniform. architecture - buildings have a wide range of styles
• Planning prioritises the aesthetics of a city over practical use
• Higher social and economic inequality

Question 30

Give an example of cities With elements of post-modernism

Answer 30

Londons buildings Like the Gherkin and Cheese grater, social and economic inequalities are growing

Question 31

What is happening in cities with post-modernism arctitetiure places?

Answer 31

Social and economic inequality is growing