Urban Issues

Question 1

What is Economic Inequality?

Answer 1

The unequal distribution of money amongst the population

Question 2

Where is economic inequality higher?

Answer 2

In the developing world

Question 3

Why is economic inequality higher in the developing world?

Answer 3

Because they lack resources to support their poor citizens, whereas developed nations have welfare states that provide basic services and income for those financially struggling

Question 4

What 3 issues can economic inequality cause?

Answer 4

• Political and Social unrest
• A rise in crime, drug use and violence
• Health problems

Question 5

What does it mean by cities been culturally diverse?

Answer 5

They have a wide mix of people from different ethnic and cultural backgrounds

Question 6

What are the benefits of a city been culturally diverse?

Answer 6

Ethnic diversity enriches a city’s character increasing tolerance, while cultural events and ethnic quarters with a city attract tourists therefore boosting the economy

Question 7

What 3 problems can cultural diversity cause?

Answer 7

• Tensions between different groups, can lead to violence.
• Increased pressure on service like schools if children don’t speak children
• Minority communities can feel isolated and under-represented politically

Question 8

What can cities with high diversity also experience?

Answer 8

Social segregation

Question 9

What is social segregation.?

Answer 9

Different groups are separated from each other, people can be concentrated in a specific area of a city. - sometimes out of choice because they want to be close to their place of worship

Question 10

What 4 issues can social segregation lead to?

Answer 10

• Lack of integration between different groups can cause prejudice and discrimination
• People in some areas may have less education and jobs, widening inequality
• Segregation can lead to anxiety and have a. negative impact on health and life expectency
• They’re also more likely to be close to industry and rubbish dumps affecting health and well-being

Question 11

What 5 strategies have been put in place to reduce poverty and economic inequalities?

Answer 11

• Improving transport systems make it easier for the urban poor to access jobs
• Subsiding the construction of affordable housing can help less wealthy people buy houses
• Introducing minimum wage helps stabilise wage inequalities between rich and poor
• Government offer subsides for new companies, increasing local employment. opportunities
• In developing countries cities have introduced upgrading programmes for slum settlements. Investments in roads, sanitations, drainage and water supply increase the quality of informal housing

Question 12

What 4 strategies have been put in. place to encourage social and cultural integration?

Answer 12

• Governments encourage political participation by. minority groups. Ensuring they have opportunities to influence decision making
• Governments pass laws, like preventing companies from discriminating against employees because of race
• New developments include luxury homes and lower-cost housing, reducing diversions between the rich and poor
• Communities help ease racial tensions, eg - involving different groups in projects to clean off racist graffiti

Question 13

What is London associated with?

Answer 13

Economic Inequality, Cultural diversity and social segregation

Question 14

What has happened in London since the 1980s?

Answer 14

The gap between the rich and poor has grown

Question 15

What is the annual income like in Kensington compared to Newham?

Answer 15

£135,000 and £35,000

Question 16

How much of London’s population live in poverty?

Answer 16

25%

Question 17

Why do some areas of London people live in poverty?

Answer 17

Low wages and few job opportunities

Question 18

What is happening in many city. areas like Notting Hill?

Answer 18

Have been gentrified - Forcing poor residents out

Question 19

How is London culturally diverse?

Answer 19

more than 50% of people aren’t white British. Proportions of ethnic minorities are Different between boroughs and can cause ethnic segregation

Question 20

What is one of the biggest issues in London?

Answer 20

Hate crime based on. race and religion

Question 21

What happened 12 months prior to July 2015?

Answer 21

There were over 800 anti-muslim incidents

Question 22

What is social segregation based on?

Answer 22

Age and Class - Residents have less interaction with people of different classes and age groups than other people and some could feel isolated

Question 23

What 4 strategies have been put in place to tackle these issues?

Answer 23

1) From 2016 the minimum wage has increased to £9.75 and was hoping increase income and social mobility in deprived areas
2) Sadiq Khan plans to build more affordable houses to allow for less affluent people to remain in more expensive areas, reducing. social segregation
3) Police are working to tackle hate crime, one way is to encourage people to report and offer support to victims
4) Some charities are calling. for better access to English language classes for immigrants and mentoring schemes to help them adjust to life in the UK and increase integration between groups

Question 24

What Sao Paulo

Answer 24

An emerging economy in Brazil that has economic inequality and social segregation

Question 25

What is the difference between the richest 10% and the poorest 10%?

Answer 25

Richest earn nearly 40 times more than the poorest

Question 26

Where do Sao Paulos poorest residents live?

Answer 26

In slums,80,000 people live in Paraisopolis.

Question 27

What is a slum like?

Answer 27

It has high crime rates, poor sanitation and high incidence of illness like Cholera, they. lack educational facilities and limit job opportunities

Question 28

Where do the wealthy people of Brazil live?

Answer 28

In the Southwest. These areas have more greenspace, Better healthcare and access to amenities like luxury shops and restaurants

Question 29

What are the people like that live in the wealthy areas?

Answer 29

Larger numbers of white immigrants, but the lowest proportion of black people

Question 30

What 2 strategies have Sao Paulo put in place to tackle these issues?

Answer 30

1) In 2016 the minimum wage was raised by nearly 12% to increase income for the poorest workers
2) In 2001, the government passed a law that allowed favelas to be recognised by as legit residential areas, leading to an investment I sanitation, road building and housing improvement.An example is that 10,000 new homes are currently being built replace the slum housing in high risk areas