Urban Regeneration Since 1979 Flashcards
What four government policies have been used to regenerate cities since 1979?
Urban Development Corporations (1979 - 1990s)
Enterprise Zones (1981 - present)
City Challenge (1991 - 1997)
Partnership Schemes (2010 - present)
What is an urban development corporation (UDC)?
A scheme which uses private sector funding to restore derelict areas.
Where were the first two UDCs?
London Docklands and Liverpool.
What were the aims of UDCs?
To attract new businesses, improve the local environment, create jobs and build new houses.
How many houses and jobs were created as part of the UDC?
24,000 new homes and 85,000 new jobs.
What were criticisms of UDC?
They ignored the needs of local residents such as affordable homes and suitable jobs.
What is an enterprise zone (EZ)?
Enterprise zones are areas set up in areas with high unemployment with an aim to attract start-up companies to the area to create jobs.
How did EZs encourage start-up companies?
They reduced tax on corporations and land.
By 1990, how many companies and jobs were created by EZs?
5,000 companies and 125,000 jobs.
What was the problem with EZs?
Existing companies moved their premises and staff to the the EZs which limited the number of new jobs created.
What is a city challenge?
Local authorities compete for government funding to regenerate deprived urban areas.
What projects were funded during the city challenge?
Improving housing, providing training and creating jobs.
How many jobs were created and how many houses were improved during the city challenge?
50,000 jobs and 40,000 houses.
What were the criticisms with City Challenge?
Many deprived areas didn’t receive any funding.
What are partnership schemes?
When the government works with private companies to provide financial support and expertise for urban regeneration.
