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Urban Futures Flashcards

1
Q

What is urbanisation?

A

An increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas compared to rural areas

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2
Q

What does urban mean

A

A built up area

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3
Q

What is a Megacity

A

Megacities are cities with more than 10 million people living in them

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4
Q

What is a World City

A

A city which is very important in the global economy

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5
Q

What are the push factors from going rural to urban

A

Few job opportunities
Lack of access to services such as healthcare and education
Declining income due to the falling price of agricultural products
Overpopulation, leading to farms being broken up into smaller plots.
Poor transport networks
Civil war and conflict

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6
Q

What are the pull factors from going rural to urban

A 
Lots of jobs
Lots of access to services
Good transport networks
Less cramped
No war and conflict
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7
Q

What is the correlation between GDP per capita and urban population

A

It is a positive correlation

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8
Q

What is the correlation between GDP and urban population growth

A

It is a negative correlation

Countries with lower GDP’s have a bigger urban population growth

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9
Q

What are the locations of slums

A

On the outskirts of towns and cities

Built in dangerous places like cliffs

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10
Q

What are the houses like in slums

A

Poorly built housing using scraps and whatever they can find like corrugated iron and timber
Built on top of eachother
Normally no room for a kitchen

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11
Q

What is the infrastructure like in slums

A

Not a clean water supply
No roads - harder to get things in or out like food or waste
Try to attach cables to the power lines
No way to remove waste

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12
Q

What are the job opportunities like in slums

A

Jobs in the informal sector - sorting plastic rubbish for very little money

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13
Q

What are the communities like in slums

A

No all people who live there are poor
Some could have jobs but have to live there because there is no where else to live
Some people actually have a good way of living
Community are very close together

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14
Q

What are the hazards like in slums

A

Disease can spread very quickly so people are so close together

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15
Q

Why do slums develop in cities in LIDC’s and EDC’s

A

Most move to cities for jobs or education, and housing is not their main priority. They are prepared to live wherever they can afford
People are forced to live in cheap housing if they cant find a job or if they have to work on low wages
Lack of money or poor organisation mean that cities don’t build enough affordable houses for new residents
Poor roads and lack of transport force people to live in a place where they will be able to travel to work easily

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16
Q

What is Suburbanisation

A

The increased movement of people and industries to the edge of existing urban areas. This can be from the inner city or rural areas

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17
Q

what are the push factors for going from urban to suburbs

A 
Poor quality housing
High rent
Crowded
Lack of pedestrians
Graffiti which makes the place feel unsafe
Uninspiring urban design
Smog and pollution from industry
Poor quality schools
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18
Q

what are the pull factors for going from urban to suburbs

A

Green space, Community areas and family friendly
Good transport links to the inner city, commuting is an option
Modern, detached homes offer greater privacy
Land is cheaper, so houses can be larger with even a pool
Employment opportunities

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19
Q

What are the social consequences of suburbanisation

A

This can lead to people the same age clustering together this will lead to ‘age-segregation’ this means the community is less stable
Become like ‘dormitory towns’ where everyone leaves for work in the day and then come back late in the afternoon or night
This can lead to negative affects on children as they dont see their parents as often as they would like

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20
Q

What are the economic consequences of suburbanisation

A

The decline in population of inner city housing can lead to the drop in house and rent prices in the inner-city
Increase in price in the suburbs

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21
Q

What are the environmental consequences of suburbanisation

A

Far from the centre of town means that there is a lot of commuting which leads to a lot of traffic pollution.
The houses are big and an increased demand for that type of house puts pressure on the green belt

22
Q

What is Counter-urbanisation

A

It is the process of de-population from major urban areas to smaller rural areas, largely due to a dissatisfaction with urban living.

23
Q

what are the push factors for going from urban to rural

A 
Noisy
Pollution
Loss of Industry
Crime
Traffic
Stress
Busy
High cost of living
24
Q

what are the pull factors for going from urban to rural

A 
Quiet
Cheaper land
Smaller cost of living
Clean
Open
Larger house
Work at home
Fresh air
25
What are the social consequences of Counter-urbanisation
There is often tension between the existing residents and the newcomers because the newcomers are seen as the reason for rising house prices Community group and volunteering organisations are often well attended There is also a sense of spirit in the village Schools in rural areas may close
26
What are the economic consequences of Counter-urbanisation
The residents are normally wealthier, this means that they will probably support local shops and services High house prices High living costs
27
What are the environmental consequences of Counter-urbanisation
Cause a big demand for houses in rural areas, so developers build them on the outskirts of the village. This can cause the village to become less like a village and more like a town. It leads to the development of ‘suburbanised’ villages. This can ruin the character of the village
28
What is Reurbanisation
It is the movement of people back into cities
29
what are the social consequences of Reurbanisation
A new set of housing Nice place for people to enjoy New shops and places of attraction Social segregation - existing residents can be forced out by increases in rent due to gentrification
30
what are the economic consequences of Reurbanisation
Cities are more attractive now to newcomer’s More shops and businesses which is good for the city House price and rent increase
31
what are the environmental consequences of Reurbanisation
All the pollution was removed and very few shipping companies are still on the Quayside Way less ships in the Tyne Building environment is much nicer
32
What is food like in mexico city
Open air local markets - street food is very popular Where people come together Use of lots of chiles
33
what is housing like in Mexico City
Coloured houses were built by the residents Nearly half the architecture in the residential area is built without regulations ensuring basic construction standards Nearly 60% of people live in colonias populares (informal unregulated settlements) Many people have their businesses at home
34
what is transport like in Mexico City
Lots of buses, which are cheap Small buses are called peseros, account for 60% of all journeys by commuters No bus stops or routes Unregulated, unlicensed and unmapped An app developed to map the routes and make them easier to use
35
What are Chinampas
Place where there are artificial islands made for farmers to grow their crops on Where traditional techniques are used Threatened by the growing city
36
What is the water like in Mexico City
Uses more water per day than any other city in the world There is not enough of water Some families spend around 20% of their income on water Projects are fitting water capturing systems on roofs, where the water is treated then stored
37
How is waste disposed in Mexico City
Waste is taken out the city by the Grand Canal There are 94 pumping stations along the canal 7,000 miles of tunnels and pipes The canal goes up on a slope after the city was drained Now building a massive new waste water tunnel Going to be one of the biggest tunnels in the world It will help stabilize the water underneath Mexico City
38
What is the International Importance of Mexico City
It is the capital of Mexico It is proving to the world that running a megacity is possible Showing other cities how they could fix their problems Financial centre, generates ¼ of Mexico’s GDP Largest city in Latin America A migration hub Capital of the Aztecs (Tenochtitlan), built on Lake Texcaco Roads and railways through Mexico go through the focal point of Mexico City Mexico City is the most important cultural centre of Mexico The historic centre of Mexico City is a UNESCO World Heritage Site
39
What are the Jewish Diaspora like in MC
``` Around 50,000 Jews in Mexico city Live in the suburbs of Roma and Condesa Lots of Jewish museums and archives Kosher delis and restaurants 12 Jewish schools 24 synagogues ```
40
What are the Chinese Diaspora like in MC
“Barrio Chino” may be the smallest Chinatown in the world In many parts of the older sections of the city, there are “cafes de chinos” (Chinese cafes), which are eateries that serve Chinese and Mexican food Seven restaurants and a few import businesses as of 2003
41
What are the Indian Diaspora like in MC
Recent migrants are working for Tata consultancy services in Mexico City There is a Sai Baba temple, a Vashnav temple, and a Gurudwra
42
What are the German Diaspora like in MC
Berlin and Mexico City are sister cities Oktoberfest is held in Mexico City every year 1,700 German companies are registered in Mexico. Mercedes-Benz have their offices in Mexico City
43
What challenges does Mexico City face
Housing Jobs Travel Air Pollution
44
What effect does migration have on accommodation in Newcastle
Lots of new building have been built for students like the Verde and the View Places like Jesmond have lots of students so there a lot of houses up for rent Cheap renting houses
45
What effect does migration have on built environment in Newcastle
Built quality in student areas is very bad as students don't look after the houses Lots of rubbish around because of he students
46
What effect does migration have on Culture in Newcastle
Services are likely to change in places where students are living so the students like them. Lots of bars in student areas like Jesmond People constantly moving in and out of the city Culture has changed because there are so many students
47
What effect does distribution of ethical populations have on accommodation in Newcastle
Places dominated by international migrants are normally full of rented houses Transient population
48
What effect does distribution of ethical populations have on built environment in Newcastle
Houses aren't taken care of as much as in other places | Different decorations
49
What effect does distribution of ethical populations have on culture in Newcastle
Changes to the culture of the migrants | Like chinatown
50
What effect does distribution of ethical populations have on shops in Newcastle
Shops change to please the migrants E.g. halal butchers Different restaurants

Geography GCSE (8 decks)

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