UK 21st Century Flashcards
Why does England have the most ‘built on’ land?
Because it has the biggest population so needs more houses and cities. The land in England is very good for building on as it is flat and low.
Why does Scotland have the most natural land?
Because most of the land in Scotland is very mountainous and not good for building on or farming on, this means it is just left.
Describe the pattern of rainfall in the UK.
The majority of rainfall in the UK is on the West side with much less in the center and the east. Particularly the most amount of rainfall is in North West Scotland and England. The least amount of rainfall is happening in the South East of England.
Describe the pattern of relief in the UK.
The mountainous areas are mainly on the west side of the UK, with most of Scotland being very high up. In England, most of the land is quite low down but in the south west and centre the land is quite high up. The whole of Wales is on quite high ground but Northern Ireland is not very high up. The only bit of elevated land is on the west side, and that isn’t very high up.
What are the causes of the housing shortage?
Land to build on is very expensive because of how hard it is to get permission to build on it
More houses are needed now because the average amount of people in a house has gone down
Bigger population, bigger demand
What are the impacts of the housing shortage?
Very expensive houses
Fewer people can afford houses now
Land which can be built on is very expensive
Government funded programmes to help find people houses
Which parts of the UK suffer from water stress?
The south east of England and central England and the south west of England along with the centre of Wales. Places with low water stress are the north of England and in the south central of England.
Why do these areas suffer water stress?
Very densely populated, this means that the demand and consumption of water is very high
Receive the least amount of rain per year than the rest of the places. This means they have less water to give to way more people, this leads to a big need for more water.
what is natural change
It is one of the main factors that affect the population change in the UK. It is the combination of the death rate and the birth rate which is turned into an overall statistic.
What is ‘net migration’?
It is one of the main factors affecting the UK population. It is the combination of immigration into the country and emigration out the country in one statistic.
What is driving UK population change?
Net migration and natural change
How has the importance of natural change and migration varied over time?
From 1992 until 1998, natural change dominated the population change. But from 1998 onwards, net migration has mainly dominated the population change.
What is the Demographic Transition Model?
It is the model which nearly every country will follow as it develops and becomes more modernised.
What is stage 1 of the DTM
High and changing birth rate
High and changing death rate
very small natural change
What is stage 2 of the DTM
High and steady birth rate
Falling death rate
Increasing natural change
What is stage 3 of the DTM
Falling birth rate
falling death rate
rapid increase of natural change
What is stage 4 of the DTM
Low and changing birth rate
low and changing death rate
very small natural change
What is stage 5 of the DTM
falling birth rate
rising death rate
decrease in natural change
What does it mean for a country to have an ageing population?
It means that the percentage of retired elderly people in the population is growing
Define the term ‘dependent population’.
It is the population of a country which rely on other people to help them live, these are retired people and children
What is the ‘dependency ratio’?
It is the ratio of dependant people to non dependant people in a population
What are the positives to an ageing population
They spend lots of money at businesses
what are the negatives to an ageing population
Lots of money spend on the elderly
More money spend on pensions
The NHS will need more money
Describe the spatial distribution of the ageing population in England and Wales.
The areas with a high percentage of elderly people are in rural areas and coastal areas especially on the south coast. There is a very low proportion of elderly people in the major cities like London and Manchester.
How has the UK government responded to the challenge of an ageing population?
Increase the age at which people must work to, to receive a state pension
Allowing more immigration to bring in more skilled workers.
Why is London’s population changing?
Young people are moving in after university for a job at a low level.
Older people are moving out because they have a better job
People are also moving in from different countries for work.
What are the job sectors
Primary - extracting raw materials
Secondary - creating and manufacturing things with the raw materials
Tertiary - provide services for other people
Quaternary - research and design new things
What is the north-south divide?
It is a line that separates England into two sections
How have UK governments attempted to address the north-south divide?
Regional devolution e.g. Mayor for Greater Manchester
Job creation
Northern powerhouse
HS2
What does the term ‘post-industrial’ mean?
It means that the UK has gone past the Industrial times when most workers were in secondary jobs. Now most people are employed in tertiary jobs
Explain the areas where growth corridors are located and areas without growth corridors.
Most growth corridors are involved with London and another city. There are also some growth corridors near and in the Northern powerhouse. But there is a lack of corridors in the North of England around Newcastle.
What caused the disintegration of the British Empire?
The countries slowly gaining their independence from the Empire because of rebellions
What is The Commonwealth?
A group of countries once ruled by the British Empire who act as a international community
How does the UK currently maintain its global influence?
Membership of international organisations UN NATO G7 The Commonwealth
How is the UK able to maintain its global influence through membership of these international organisations?
By being in these groups we have a voice in a lot of world issues and so can affect what happens in those events
What was the UK’s role during the conflict in Ukraine
2015 - UK gave £15m to Ukraine
UK has provided military support and training
UK led the force in 2017
UK supplies troops and RAF jets
Most successful UK media exports?
Premier league, BBC programmes, popular films like James Bond
What influence does the UK’s exports have
Better understanding of the English language
Communicates British values, cultures and traditions
Influences people perception of the UK
British celebrities can influence trends
Most popular British takeaways?
Chinese, Indian, Turkish, Italian, American, Japanese
The British curry industry
Why is it referred to as ‘British Curry’?
How much does it contribute to the UK’s economy?
What are the threats to the industry?
The way it is presented, the way it is made, Different recipes
4.2 billion a year and 72,000 people employed
Problem getting skilled chefs as laws on immigration have become more strict
Also people in the UK don’t want to be chefs they want to be lawyers or doctors
