Resource Reliance

Question 1

Why has the world’s population risen so rapidly since 1900?

Answer 1

Better healthcare and medication - vaccinations etc

Better nutrition = better immune system

Question 2

What is a finite resource?

Answer 2

It is a resource that there is a limited number of

Question 3

What is meant by the term peak oil?

Answer 3

It is when the most oil is being produced globally

Question 4

What are the differences between commercial and subsistence farming

Answer 4

Commercial farming is on a much bigger scale
Subsistence farming use older techniques with less technology helping them
Commercial farming grow crops to sell for profit but subsistence farming grows food to feed families and animals.

Question 5

What is the impact on soil from mechanised farming

Answer 5

Soil erosion is increased as more land is exposed to the wind and rain, especially after harvesting
Nutrients are also lost through overfarming

Question 6

What is the impact on the air from mechanised farming

Answer 6

Gets polluted by gas emissions from machinery and dust

Question 7

What is the impact on water from mechanised farming

Answer 7

Water is polluted with fertilisers and pesticides which can damage wildlife in rivers or anywhere the polluted water gets. It can also damage the animals living near rivers.

Question 8

What is the impact on plants from mechanised farming

Answer 8

Many plants get cut down to make room for this, so this means that it damages the ecosystem by there being less varieties of plants.

Question 9

What is the impact on insects from mechanised farming

Answer 9

They get killed by pesticides and also lose their habitat which means that there are less of them and less varieties of them.

Question 10

What is the impact on animals from mechanised farming

Answer 10

Forced to move or die because of loss of their habitat

Question 11

What happens at a fish farm

Answer 11

Convert low value small fish to high value big fish
5kg of small fish creates 1 kg fish for sale
Waste falls to the seabed
Some escape
Disease

Question 12

What happens when ecosystems are changed by obtaining energy supplies

Answer 12

Water pollution
Soil contamination
Air pollution

Question 13

What does food security mean

Answer 13

If the food is Safe, Nutritious, Affordable

Question 14

What human factors affect food security

Answer 14

poverty
Distribution and infrastructure
war and conflict
land ownership
waste
climate change

Question 15

What physical factors affect food security

Answer 15

temperature
soil
water supply
pests, diseases, parasites

Question 16

What are some good measures for food security

Answer 16

Average daily calorie consumption

Mortality rate of children under 5

Question 17

where is water stored on earth

Answer 17

The ocean, ground water, ice sheets, surface water, rivers and lakes etc

Question 18

How do we use our water

Answer 18

70% Agriculture, 22% Industry and 8% Domestic

Question 19

What are the impacts on river ecosystems of building large dams?

Answer 19

Land is flooded causing habitats to be lost
Water temperature increase
Oxygen starved water is produced by the dam causing fish to die.
Traps sediment reducing water quality
Changes to fish migration routes

Question 20

What was Malthus’s theory

Answer 20

Malthus argued that population growth will always increase at a faster rate than food supply. This would eventually lead to famine and starvation. This would lead to a crisis resulting in positive and preventative checks on population growth.

Question 21

What is the definition of ‘positive check’

Answer 21

Some event that causes an increase in death rates and a decrease in the total population. For example famine or disease.

Question 22

What is the definition of ‘preventative check’.

Answer 22

These are things people can do to reduce population growth and prevent crisis. For example delaying marriages

Question 23

What was Boserup’s theory

Answer 23

That when population growth begins to approach the limits of food production, this creates an incentive for people to invent new technology and better farming techniques.

Question 24

What was Goat Aid in Tanzania

Answer 24

Between 1999 and 2006
They imported Toggenburg goats at a cost of £400 each.
Villagers can buy them
Before the goats arrived the villagers were trained on how to care for them
Toggenburg goats were selected because they produce 3 litres of milk a day
On a micro credit
bottom-up aid

Question 25

what were the advantages of Goat Aid

Answer 25

They can afford to send their children to school
Healthy, nutritional diet
More money from selling more products which are a better quality
Earn 3 times more money than regular farmers
Manure is a natural fertiliser

Question 26

What were the disadvantages of Goat Aid

Answer 26

Expensive for people who don’t want to take out a loan
Have to pay back the charity that gave them to goat
Veterinary bills can be expensive if the goats get expensive
Goats require lots of water which is scarce
Small-scale projects have little impact on the country’s food security
Goat hooves and overgrazings can damage the land and lead to desertification

Question 27

What was the Tanzania-Canada Wheat Programme

Answer 27

Tanzania, Hanang district 
$95 million
26,400 hectares
Canada helped to develop suitable seeds and provided expertise, training, chemical fertilisers and machinery, like tractors.
It provided 60% of all Tanzania's wheat
top-down aid

Question 28

What were the advantages of the Wheat programme

Answer 28

produced a lot of wheat and provided 60% of all Tanzania’s wheat
produced jobs

Question 29

What were the disadvantages of the Wheat Programme

Answer 29

It had very bad yields and the farming wasn’t suited to Tanzania, it suited Canada
Should of used a different crop
Many people didn’t know how to use wheat

Question 30

What was the Southern Agricultural Growth Corridor of Tanzania (SAGCOT)

Answer 30

Tanzania, in the growth corridor
It aimed:
To improve farming in Tanzania
To improve infrastructure like roads and railways and irrigation
To develop a modern agricultural economy with better connections to national and world markets
Creating jobs

Question 31

What were the advantages of SAGCOT

Answer 31

Lowered prices because there is more supply and less demand. This also means that the access to food is improved as well.
They have better yields so they have more food to sell at a better price. This means that they have more money to re-invest or use for other reasons like other food.
They have lost their access to resources like water but have also lost a lot of their land. But they could be given jobs on the main farms which would help them out of poverty.

Question 32

Define ethical consumerism

Answer 32

It means buying products that have positive social, economic or environmental impacts. It can also help achieve food security.
E.g. Rainforest Alliance products, Freedom Foods and Fairtrade products

Question 33

What is Fairtrade?

Answer 33

It is a global movement that gives farmers a fairer price for their products.

Question 34

Advantages of Fairtrade

Answer 34

Fairtrade Premium
Guaranteed Minimum price
Co-operatives

Question 35

Define intensive farming.

Answer 35

It is farming where lots of chemicals and machinery are used to maximise the productiveness of the farm

Question 36

Advantages of intensive farming

Answer 36

A lot of food is produced
High yields
Very cheap to produce
Food is sold cheaply making a healthy, balanced diet more affordable

Question 37

Disadvantages of intensive farming

Answer 37

Fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides pollute the environment
Chemical sprays are bad for the health of farm workers
People eat the chemicals if food is not washed properly - this could increase the chance of cancer
Single crops reduce the biodiversity of plants, animals and insects

Question 38

what is meant by the term organic farming.

Answer 38

A way of farming that does not use pesticides or fertilizers

Question 39

Advantages of organic farming

Answer 39

Animals live outside and are free to roam and eat their natural diet
Biodiversity increases with no crop variety, which encourages a greater variety of insects
Many people think organic crops are healthier because they haven’t been sprayed with lots of chemicals

Question 40

Disadvantages of organic farming

Answer 40

Organic pesticides are less effective than chemical ones and more food is lost to pets and weeds
The yield is about 20% lower than intensive farming so ore land is needed to grow the same amount of food
Organic products can also be expensive for farmers to produce because of the many rules and regulations

Question 41

Advantages of GM crops

Answer 41

GM crops engineered to resist drought and frost, will grow in places currently not suitable for food production
Crops can be modified with DNA harmful to pests and insects, which reduces the need for pesticides
Food with additional health benefits can also be engineered - golden rice with vitamin A
Save lives
Crops can be modified with DNA harmful to pests and insects, which reduces the need for pesticides

Question 42

Disadvantages of GM crops

Answer 42

Their pollen might spread and contaminate other plants, which will permanently change natural plant species
There are concerns of ‘superweeds’ and ‘superbugs’ developing that are resistant to herbicides and pesticides
GM crops might not be safe to eat because they have been artificially engineered
GM seeds are made by a small number of TNC’s that might control global food supply. Their main motivation is likely to be profit not food security
GM seeds are made by a small number of TNC’s that might control global food supply. Their main motivation is likely to be profit not food security