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Geography GCSE > Dynamic Development > Flashcards

Dynamic Development Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Development

A

The process of a country improving

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2
Q

What is an AC

A

Advanced Country, wealthiest countries and based on tertiary and quaternary industry

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3
Q

What is an EDC

A

Emerging and Developing Country, standard of living is improving and industry is moving from primary to secondary.

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4
Q

What is an LIDC

A

Low-income Developing Country, poorest countries with a poor standard of living and primary industry

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5
Q

Examples of AC’s

A

North America, Western Europe and Australasia

USA, Britain, France, Japan

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6
Q

Where are EDC’s

A

South America, Asia and Northern Africa

Russia, Brasil, South Africa

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7
Q

Where are LIDC’s

A

Central Africa and SouthEast Asia

Madagascar, Somalia

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8
Q

What is GDP per capita

A

The GDP per person, a measure of wealth, and as a country develops it rises

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9
Q

What is Life expectancy

A

The average age a person can expect to live to, a measure of health, and as a country develops it rises

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10
Q

What is Adult literacy

A

The percentage of adults who can read and write

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11
Q

Problems with measuring development using wealth (an economic measure)

A

Governments can be corrupt and so the money that the country is earning is not spent to improve the country.

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12
Q

Advantages of using HDI (calculated using GDP per capita at PPP, life expectancy and adult literacy rate):

A

Uses a range of indicators which measure different things which means that it is very accurate.

HDI is on scale of 0 - 1, where 1 is better.

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13
Q

Why does wealth often show a clear relationship with other development measures?

A

Because a high wealth development means that money can then be spend to improve other development sections such as health or education

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14
Q

How does population affect development

A

A country with a high population means that it has more workers which means more money. But a high population can also mean that the country has to spend more money.

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15
Q

How does Climate affect development

A

Climate can affect a country’s development a lot, a country may have a massive drought. This would destroy crops and soil which would hinder the amount of food that could be produced, this would lead to starvation and maybe death. This would mean less people going to work and so a smaller GDP and less money to spend on developing. But if a country had a good climate it can greatly improve its developing rate. For example, if a country and a good amount of rain more crops could grow, this would mean more food and a way to earn

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16
Q

How does land affect development

A

If a country has a lot of land then it means that they have more room for growing and mining things which can lead to more money. If a country has good quality land then it improves the farming yields.

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17
Q

How does natural resources affect development

A

Natural resources can greatly help a country, you could sell the resources like oil and earn a lot of money and improve infrastructure or develop more in other areas. Such as New Guinea which have a lot of natural oil which they sell for a lot of money. Can lead to corruption e.g. Guinean where they don’t spend the money from the resources right

18
Q

What is Colonialism

A

the policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically.

19
Q

What is Triangular trade

A

It is trade among three ports or regions. Triangular trade usually evolves when a region has export commodities that are not required in the region from which its major imports come.

20
Q

Definition of debt

A

A sum of money that a country owes to another country.

21
Q

Definition of trade

A

A trade of goods or exports between countries

22
Q

Definition of political unrest

A

Political unrest is defined as the sum of riots, general strikes and anti-government demonstrations

23
Q

Causes of political unrest

A
  • Corrupt government
  • Food availability
  • Climate change
24
Q

Definition of civil war

A

A war between several groups trying to take control and run a country

25
Q

Problem with copper reliance

A

It doesn’t have a stable price and changes a lot

26
Q

Chinese Investment in Zambia

A

TAZARA railway

  • Investment in infrastructure in Kariba Dam and copper production
  • Heavily reliant on chinese support, better jobs going to chinese workers - exploitation
27
Q

Who are ABF?

A

Large TNC company
Accosiated British Foods
ABF in Zambia (Zambia Sugar)

28
Q

Advantages of TNCs e.g. Zambia Food

A

Investment in facilities in Mazabuka

  • Created jobs - low skilled, cane cutters
29
Q

Disadvamntages of TNC’s e.g. Zambia Foods

A

Tax avoidance. Zambia lost potential income because ABF exploited “loopholes” in the law

30
Q

Other exports of Zambia

A

Cobalt, tobacco, oil

31
Q

Aid advantages

A 
Helps the country recover 
-Minimises the damage from the problem 
Aid disadvantages
-Could become reliant on it
Example: Water Aid
32
Q

Debt relief for Zambia

IMF Debt Relief

A

Cancelled debts, More money to spend on education + health care rather than repaying debts.

33
Q

What is BRICs

A

In 2001, Brazil, Russia, India, China. These are all large countries with rapidly growing economies and also have the potential to be the largest economies by 2050

34
Q

What are MINTs

A

In 2014, Mexico, Nigeria, Indonesia and Turkey, they also have the potential to become major world economies by 2050.

35
Q

Trade liberation

A

Free Trade, with no taxes or tariffs

36
Q

World bank

A

The bank to the countries of the world for big projects.

37
Q

Tariff

A

tax you put on goods coming into your country

38
Q

Globalisation

A

Increasing interconnectedness of the world: Trade, Culture, Sport, Economy, Communication

39
Q

What are MDGs?

A

1) Male and Females have equal rights and access to services
2) Includes safe drinking water
3) Everyone goes to primary school
4) Fight against infectious disease
5) Fewer children under 5 die
6) Fewer women suffer complications during pregnancy
7) Working together
8) Get rid of extreme hunger and poverty (living on less than $1.25 per day)

40
Q

Advantages of Chinese investment in Zambia

A

They invest in every sector
Zambia’s trade has increased a lot because of China
Teaching the Zambian people work ethic
Revived the mines
Helped build a 800km railway to the coast for more trade.
Helped create jobs for more Zambian people.

41
Q

Disadvantages of Chinese investment in Zambia

A

Outstanding in asking the government for favours.
Bad working conditions for workers who work for the Chinese.
51 people were killed at a Chinese mine
A Chinese man shot a worker asking for higher pay.
Chinese supervisors abused Zambian workers.

Geography GCSE (8 decks)

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