Dynamic Development Flashcards
What is Development
The process of a country improving
What is an AC
Advanced Country, wealthiest countries and based on tertiary and quaternary industry
What is an EDC
Emerging and Developing Country, standard of living is improving and industry is moving from primary to secondary.
What is an LIDC
Low-income Developing Country, poorest countries with a poor standard of living and primary industry
Examples of AC’s
North America, Western Europe and Australasia
USA, Britain, France, Japan
Where are EDC’s
South America, Asia and Northern Africa
Russia, Brasil, South Africa
Where are LIDC’s
Central Africa and SouthEast Asia
Madagascar, Somalia
What is GDP per capita
The GDP per person, a measure of wealth, and as a country develops it rises
What is Life expectancy
The average age a person can expect to live to, a measure of health, and as a country develops it rises
What is Adult literacy
The percentage of adults who can read and write
Problems with measuring development using wealth (an economic measure)
Governments can be corrupt and so the money that the country is earning is not spent to improve the country.
Advantages of using HDI (calculated using GDP per capita at PPP, life expectancy and adult literacy rate):
Uses a range of indicators which measure different things which means that it is very accurate.
HDI is on scale of 0 - 1, where 1 is better.
Why does wealth often show a clear relationship with other development measures?
Because a high wealth development means that money can then be spend to improve other development sections such as health or education
How does population affect development
A country with a high population means that it has more workers which means more money. But a high population can also mean that the country has to spend more money.
How does Climate affect development
Climate can affect a country’s development a lot, a country may have a massive drought. This would destroy crops and soil which would hinder the amount of food that could be produced, this would lead to starvation and maybe death. This would mean less people going to work and so a smaller GDP and less money to spend on developing. But if a country had a good climate it can greatly improve its developing rate. For example, if a country and a good amount of rain more crops could grow, this would mean more food and a way to earn
How does land affect development
If a country has a lot of land then it means that they have more room for growing and mining things which can lead to more money. If a country has good quality land then it improves the farming yields.
How does natural resources affect development
Natural resources can greatly help a country, you could sell the resources like oil and earn a lot of money and improve infrastructure or develop more in other areas. Such as New Guinea which have a lot of natural oil which they sell for a lot of money. Can lead to corruption e.g. Guinean where they don’t spend the money from the resources right
What is Colonialism
the policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically.
What is Triangular trade
It is trade among three ports or regions. Triangular trade usually evolves when a region has export commodities that are not required in the region from which its major imports come.
Definition of debt
A sum of money that a country owes to another country.
Definition of trade
A trade of goods or exports between countries
Definition of political unrest
Political unrest is defined as the sum of riots, general strikes and anti-government demonstrations
Causes of political unrest
- Corrupt government
- Food availability
- Climate change
Definition of civil war
A war between several groups trying to take control and run a country
Problem with copper reliance
It doesn’t have a stable price and changes a lot
Chinese Investment in Zambia
TAZARA railway
- Investment in infrastructure in Kariba Dam and copper production
- Heavily reliant on chinese support, better jobs going to chinese workers - exploitation
Who are ABF?
Large TNC company
Accosiated British Foods
ABF in Zambia (Zambia Sugar)
Advantages of TNCs e.g. Zambia Food
Investment in facilities in Mazabuka
- Created jobs - low skilled, cane cutters
Disadvamntages of TNC’s e.g. Zambia Foods
Tax avoidance. Zambia lost potential income because ABF exploited “loopholes” in the law
Other exports of Zambia
Cobalt, tobacco, oil
Aid advantages
Helps the country recover -Minimises the damage from the problem Aid disadvantages -Could become reliant on it Example: Water Aid
Debt relief for Zambia
IMF Debt Relief
Cancelled debts, More money to spend on education + health care rather than repaying debts.
What is BRICs
In 2001, Brazil, Russia, India, China. These are all large countries with rapidly growing economies and also have the potential to be the largest economies by 2050
What are MINTs
In 2014, Mexico, Nigeria, Indonesia and Turkey, they also have the potential to become major world economies by 2050.
Trade liberation
Free Trade, with no taxes or tariffs
World bank
The bank to the countries of the world for big projects.
Tariff
tax you put on goods coming into your country
Globalisation
Increasing interconnectedness of the world: Trade, Culture, Sport, Economy, Communication
What are MDGs?
1) Male and Females have equal rights and access to services
2) Includes safe drinking water
3) Everyone goes to primary school
4) Fight against infectious disease
5) Fewer children under 5 die
6) Fewer women suffer complications during pregnancy
7) Working together
8) Get rid of extreme hunger and poverty (living on less than $1.25 per day)
Advantages of Chinese investment in Zambia
They invest in every sector
Zambia’s trade has increased a lot because of China
Teaching the Zambian people work ethic
Revived the mines
Helped build a 800km railway to the coast for more trade.
Helped create jobs for more Zambian people.
Disadvantages of Chinese investment in Zambia
Outstanding in asking the government for favours.
Bad working conditions for workers who work for the Chinese.
51 people were killed at a Chinese mine
A Chinese man shot a worker asking for higher pay.
Chinese supervisors abused Zambian workers.
