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Geography GCSE > Changing Climate > Flashcards

Changing Climate Flashcards

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1
Q

Definition of Ice age

A

A period of time when Earth has permanent ice sheets

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2
Q

Definition of Quaternary

A

The time period in the Earth’s history that began about 2.6 million years ago and continues today , includes the Pleistocene epoch and the Holocene epoch.

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3
Q

Definition of Pleistocene

A

Relating to or denoting the first epoch of the Quaternary period, between the Pliocene and Holocene epochs

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4
Q

Definition of Holocene

A

Relating to or denoting the present epoch, which is the second epoch in the Quaternary period and followed the Pleistocene

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5
Q

Definition of Glacial period

A

A colder period in Earth’s history with ice advance

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6
Q

Definition of Inter glacial period

A

A warmer period in Earth’s history with ice retreat

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7
Q

How old is the ice that scientists can study?

A

800,000 years ago

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8
Q

What do lighter layers of snow show? Dark snow?

A

Snow laid down in summer and Dark Snow show winter snow

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9
Q

What are the two types of oxygen that scientists are looking for?

A

Oxygen-16 and Oxygen-18

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10
Q

Which type suggests it was warmer? Colder?

A

Lots of Oxygen-16 means the Earth was colder and Oxygen-18 means it was hotter

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11
Q

What does large amounts of carbon dioxide in the ice suggest about Earth’s temperature?

A

Lots of carbon dioxide suggest the climate was hot

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12
Q

How do we know that this data is reliable?

A

Because the data from the ice which dates back to the 1950s matches the actual data taken during that time period.

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13
Q

How is sea ice measured?

A

Satellite photos and submarine radar

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14
Q

What is meant by sea ice maximum/minimum?

A

Sea ice maximum is the maximum area that ice covers in the arctic over a year. The ice minimum is the minimum area that ice covers in the arctic over a year

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15
Q

How much smaller has the area covered by sea ice become since 1979?

A

13.3% smaller every 10 years

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16
Q

Reliability?

A

It is modern technology so it is very reliable

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17
Q

What can paintings and diaries tell us about climate change?

A

What was going on and how the climate was.

18
Q

How reliable is this data?

A

It is not that reliable

19
Q

What are the greenhouse gases

A

Carbon dioxide
Methane
Halocarbons
Nitrous oxide

20
Q

Source of Carbon dioxide

A

Burning fossil fuels (coal, gas) to make electricity. Industry, cars, deforestation

21
Q

Source of methane

A

Landfill sites, rice production and farm animals

22
Q

Source of Halocarbons

A

Air-conditioning, refrigerators, aerosols and foam packaging

23
Q

Source of Nitrous oxide

A

Agricultural fertilisers and car exhausts

24
Q

What are Sun spots

A

They are dark spots on the Sun’s surface

25
Q

What causes sun spots

A

Caused by magnetic storms

26
Q

What do sun spots do to earths temperature

A

Temporarily increase it

27
Q

How long are the sun spot cycles

A

11 years

28
Q

What events are sun spots linked to

A

Little ice age

29
Q

How do eruptions change earths climate

A

The sulfur dioxide reacts with water in the atmosphere which reflects a lot of energy from the sun making the earth cooler. With the earth being cooler, less evaporation happens meaning less rain.

30
Q

What are Milankovitch’s three ideas?

A

Precession, Tilt and Eccentricity

31
Q

What is Eccentricity

A

100,000 - 24,000 years

When the Earth is further away the Earth is really cold but then it gets much closer so the climate gets hotter.

32
Q

What is Precession

A

19-24,000 years

Changes the severity of the seasons and which hemisphere is closer to the sun.

33
Q

What is tilt

A

41,000 years

Makes the summers colder and the winters not as cold.

34
Q

Why is the sea rising

A

Polar ice sheets are melting, the antarctic ice sheets especially as it is not sea ice.
The water is expanding because of the heat - Thermal expansion
Melting glaciers

35
Q

Why is sea level rise an issue

A

Because lots of land around the globe will flood permanently, which reduces the land area on the Earth and could destroy major cities like London and New York.
50% of world’s population live within 60km of the coast
Some of the fastest growing cities are coastal, so the proportion of the world’s population living on the coast is increasing

36
Q

How is weather more extreme

A

More frequent
More rain during storms
Tropical storms are becoming more intense in some areas
They are resulting in higher levels of precipitation
Droughts are becoming more severe and are lasting longer

37
Q

Why is the weather more extreme

A

Warmer sea temperatures fuel tropical storms
Warmer air can hold more water vapour
Intense storms can have knock on effects and disrupt global weather patterns

38
Q

Lake Chad

A

Shrunk by over 80%
Lake may dry out
Many people are joining terrorist groups so that they can get food and water
Very close to famine - very limited amount of food
Lack of security of income

39
Q

Results of more extreme weather

A 
People starve
Vietnam exports less rice
Drought is more common
The price of rice increases
The London Eye is temporarily closed
People are forced to move
The ocean becomes more acidic
Extreme rainfall floods crop
Coastal towns are flooded
40
Q

How will climate change affect the UK Economically

A

Tourism - Brings in money from tourists
Agriculture - Allows the UK to grow other crops which couldn’t have been grown before

Flooding - Can cause lots damage to infrastructure
Transport
Food prices

41
Q

How will climate change affect the UK Environmentally

A

Water contamination

Species and habitats

42
Q

How will climate change affect the UK Socially

A

Cold related deaths - It is less likely to happen

NHS - puts stress on them
Water security - Drinkable water is hard to find
Environmental refugees - happens because the climate becomes too hard to live in

Geography GCSE (8 decks)

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