Urban Forestry

Question 1

Fertilizing and watering newly transplanted trees tends to prevent them from forming symbiotic bonds with mycorrhizal fungi

Answer 1

Yes

Question 2

Two examples of ring-porous trees in Alberta are

Answer 2

Oak and Sea buckthorn

Question 3

Dendroclimatologists is the study of

Answer 3

The effects of changing climates on the growth rings of trees

Question 4

Weak, narrow branch attachments with two equal branches or stems often fail because of

Answer 4

Bark inclusions

Question 5

Why are mycorrhizal partnerships good for tree survival in the landscape

Answer 5

Mycorrhizae help trees absorb water, scarce minerals, and especially phosphorus

Question 6

CODIT stands for

Answer 6

Compartmentalization of Decay in Trees

Question 7

Both axial and radial parenchyma (ray) cells “balloon” their contents into vessels and it accumulates, blocking the flow of sap. This process not only seals the vessels against moisture loss, but is the first line of defense against many decay causing pathogens. What is this blocking action called?

Answer 7

Tylosis

Question 8

The classification of trees that has the most bio-diversity in terms of growth ring formation is?

Answer 8

Angiosperms

Question 9

Wall #1 in CODIT limits decay?

Answer 9

Vertically

Question 10

Vascular tissue that transports and circulates chemical energy from sources to sinks throughout the symplast in a tree is known as?

Answer 10

Phloem

Question 11

Symplast in a conifer can also be called

Answer 11

Sapwood

Question 12

Gridling roots can cause

Answer 12

Crown dieback, failure to thrive and tree failure

Question 13

All too commonly, why do some large, mature trees in the Urban Forest fail and fall over?

Answer 13

Opportunistic fungi are able to invade wounds that frequently occur and are caused by people in order to colonize roots and trunks causing decay and weakness.

Question 14

Wall #2 in CODIT, tries to limit

Answer 14

Inward decay

Question 15

How do mycorrhiza help trees

Answer 15

By colonizing soil ahead of plant roots, opening spaces for roots to grow and metabolizing minerals and water and transporting them back so plants can use them.

Question 16

The distance between the apical buds and terminal bud scar from previous years gives a good indication of

Answer 16

Rate of growth in the last year, age of a younger tree or age of a branch on an older tree, general health, and growth abnormalities

Question 17

Betula papyrifera is a good compartmentalizer because of its ring porous anatomy

Answer 17

No

Question 18

What runs parallel to growth rings

Answer 18

Axial parenchyma

Question 19

What runs perpendicular to growth rings

Answer 19

Radial parenchyma

Question 20

Allows water and minerals to be transported from the roots throughout the plant

Answer 20

Xylem

Question 21

The primary meristem producing radial growth

Answer 21

Cambium

Question 22

Enables the active transport of sugar

Answer 22

Phloem

Question 23

The best time of year to remove a tree, that will sprout back from its roots system is

Answer 23

Right after it leafs out

Question 24

Oak trees are what sort of porous

Answer 24

Ring porous

Question 25

Trees are like big batteries because

Answer 25

Wood is a long-term energy storage for the tree

Question 26

Phenology is the study of

Answer 26

Knowing the life-cycle of a tree relative to its energy reserves and the changing seasons.

Question 27

Prior to planting a tree that has been in a container for too long you should

Answer 27

Slice about an inch of rootball from top to bottom on four sides with a sharp spade

Question 28

Wall #3 in CODIT prevents the spread of decay in which direction

Answer 28

Laterally

Question 29

The critical minimum root plate protection zone for most tree is

Answer 29

12-15x, where x=dbh

Question 30

The vascular cambium produces

Answer 30

Xylem and Phloem

Question 31

Xylem and Phloem are produced by

Answer 31

Vascular cambium

Question 32

Organic amendments should be applied to the

Answer 32

Topsoil

Question 33

Bark is contains layers of

Answer 33

Dead, dying crushed phloem cells, helper cell remnants and cortex

Question 34

The two processes by which cells divide and form the various organs of a tree are

Answer 34

Cell mitosis and differentiation

Question 35

The apical meristem is where on the branch

Answer 35

The upper and outermost bud on a tree branch

Question 36

The strongest CODIT wall is

Answer 36

Wall #4

Question 37

Is it best to avoid pruning wood when the leaves are forming or falling

Answer 37

Yes

Question 38

Does root pruning cause denser root systems with more fibrous roots

Answer 38

Yes

Question 39

Ash trees in most urban forests are now at risk from which pest

Answer 39

Emerald Ash Borer

Question 40

The most commonly accepted default competency for arborists is

Answer 40

ISA Certified Arborist

Question 41

The main focus of arboriculture as it relates to urban forestry is

Answer 41

Sustainable management of trees for aesthetics, environmental and economic values

Question 42

Besides species what 3 factors need to be considered when using the 9th ed of the guide for plant appraisal

Answer 42

Condition, Location, Size

Question 43

Monoculture planting has contributed to high loss rates associated with storm events, disease outbreaks and insect infestations

Answer 43

Yes

Question 44

In the Tenth edition of the Guide for Plant Appraisal, what have Species and Location been replaced with as depreciation factors?

Answer 44

Functional limitations and External limitations

Question 45

How does "green" infrastructure differ from "grey" infrastructure?

Answer 45

Green infrastructure appreciates in value over its useful lifespan, Grey infrastructure slowly deteriorates over time.

Question 46

When making planting decisions for the long term, selecting tree species properly involves

Answer 46

Selecting species that have the potential to live the longest, and making sure they are planted correctly and nurtured when they are small.

Question 47

Poor planting, lack of care and protection, low urban tree diversity and inadequate or ineffective irrigation have all been significant contributing factors to low urban tree independence in the landscape.

Answer 47

Yes

Question 48

What is a Tree Protection Plan

Answer 48

A TPP outlines how construction work is to be accomplished and the steps that will be taken to preserve trees on City lands

Question 49

What is a public tree

Answer 49

Any tree which has any part of its trunk located on City lands

Question 50

What are is the 1st step in completing a Tree Protection Plan

Answer 50

Step 1: Public Tree Disclosure State

Question 51

What is the 2nd step in completing a Tree Protection Plan

Answer 51

Pre-construction meeting

Question 52

What is the 3rd step in Tree Protection Plan

Answer 52

Prepare a Tree Protection Plan

Question 53

What is the 4th step in a tree protection plan

Answer 53

Submitting your tree protection plan

Question 54

What is the 5th step in a tree protection plan

Answer 54

Hoarding Permit

Question 55

What is step 6 in a tree protection plan

Answer 55

Maintaining your Tree Protection Plan

Question 56

Who is able to preform removal, branch and root pruning work on public trees

Answer 56

A tree contractor who meets The City's minimum standard

Question 57

Weak branches are called

Answer 57

Codominant

Question 58

A remedy for included bark is

Answer 58

Remove the limb as soon as it is detected

Question 59

A remedy for ramshorning is

Answer 59

Make proper pruning cuts

Question 60

A remedy for lions tailing is

Answer 60

Proper pruning doses and do not remove all the interior branches well leaving the exterior

Question 61

When is the worst time to prune

Answer 61

Spring Flush

Question 62

What is excurrent form

Answer 62

One singular trunk at the top, strong apical dominance - A form tree

Question 63

What is decurrent form

Answer 63

Trees with an open, branching form, scaffold branches create structure - B form tree

Question 64

What are the 3D's of pruning

Answer 64

DeadDamagedDiseased

Question 65

What dates can you prune elms between

Answer 65

October 1st and April 1sr

Question 66

When should spring blooming shrubs be pruned

Answer 66

After flowering

Question 67

What are applications for an air spade

Answer 67

Root collar excavation, vertical mulching, radial trenching, soil aeration, root pruning, bare rooting and transplanting.

Question 68

What size does a tree protection zone need to be

Answer 68

1.2m high and extend 4m from the trunk or too the dripline of the tree

Question 69

What is the primary cause of working injury when working around electricity

Answer 69

Indirect contact

Question 70

What are the three types of chippers

Answer 70

DrumDisc Mechanical drum

Question 71

What is the minimum distance workers need to keep from electrical lines unless specially trained

Answer 71

10ft

Question 72

How is a circuit completed

Answer 72

Direct - touching an energized wire - and indirect - conductive object : limb, tool, equipment; touches energized wire and completes the connection to the ground

Question 73

In general more insulators on a power line means what

Answer 73

Higher voltage