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LHAP Year 2-3 > Urban Forestry > Flashcards

Urban Forestry Flashcards

1
Q

Fertilizing and watering newly transplanted trees tends to prevent them from forming symbiotic bonds with mycorrhizal fungi

A

Yes

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2
Q

Two examples of ring-porous trees in Alberta are

A

Oak and Sea buckthorn

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3
Q

Dendroclimatologists is the study of

A

The effects of changing climates on the growth rings of trees

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4
Q

Weak, narrow branch attachments with two equal branches or stems often fail because of

A

Bark inclusions

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5
Q

Why are mycorrhizal partnerships good for tree survival in the landscape

A

Mycorrhizae help trees absorb water, scarce minerals, and especially phosphorus

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6
Q

CODIT stands for

A

Compartmentalization of Decay in Trees

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7
Q

Both axial and radial parenchyma (ray) cells “balloon” their contents into vessels and it accumulates, blocking the flow of sap. This process not only seals the vessels against moisture loss, but is the first line of defense against many decay causing pathogens. What is this blocking action called?

A

Tylosis

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8
Q

The classification of trees that has the most bio-diversity in terms of growth ring formation is?

A

Angiosperms

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9
Q

Wall #1 in CODIT limits decay?

A

Vertically

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10
Q

Vascular tissue that transports and circulates chemical energy from sources to sinks throughout the symplast in a tree is known as?

A

Phloem

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11
Q

Symplast in a conifer can also be called

A

Sapwood

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12
Q

Gridling roots can cause

A

Crown dieback, failure to thrive and tree failure

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13
Q

All too commonly, why do some large, mature trees in the Urban Forest fail and fall over?

A

Opportunistic fungi are able to invade wounds that frequently occur and are caused by people in order to colonize roots and trunks causing decay and weakness.

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14
Q

Wall #2 in CODIT, tries to limit

A

Inward decay

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15
Q

How do mycorrhiza help trees

A

By colonizing soil ahead of plant roots, opening spaces for roots to grow and metabolizing minerals and water and transporting them back so plants can use them.

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16
Q

The distance between the apical buds and terminal bud scar from previous years gives a good indication of

A

Rate of growth in the last year, age of a younger tree or age of a branch on an older tree, general health, and growth abnormalities

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17
Q

Betula papyrifera is a good compartmentalizer because of its ring porous anatomy

A

No

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18
Q

What runs parallel to growth rings

A

Axial parenchyma

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19
Q

What runs perpendicular to growth rings

A

Radial parenchyma

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20
Q

Allows water and minerals to be transported from the roots throughout the plant

A

Xylem

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21
Q

The primary meristem producing radial growth

A

Cambium

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22
Q

Enables the active transport of sugar

A

Phloem

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23
Q

The best time of year to remove a tree, that will sprout back from its roots system is

A

Right after it leafs out

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24
Q

Oak trees are what sort of porous

A

Ring porous

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25
Q

Trees are like big batteries because

A

Wood is a long-term energy storage for the tree

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26
Q

Phenology is the study of

A

Knowing the life-cycle of a tree relative to its energy reserves and the changing seasons.

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27
Q

Prior to planting a tree that has been in a container for too long you should

A

Slice about an inch of rootball from top to bottom on four sides with a sharp spade

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28
Q

Wall #3 in CODIT prevents the spread of decay in which direction

A

Laterally

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29
Q

The critical minimum root plate protection zone for most tree is

A

12-15x, where x=dbh

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30
Q

The vascular cambium produces

A

Xylem and Phloem

31
Q

Xylem and Phloem are produced by

A

Vascular cambium

32
Q

Organic amendments should be applied to the

A

Topsoil

33
Q

Bark is contains layers of

A

Dead, dying crushed phloem cells, helper cell remnants and cortex

34
Q

The two processes by which cells divide and form the various organs of a tree are

A

Cell mitosis and differentiation

35
Q

The apical meristem is where on the branch

A

The upper and outermost bud on a tree branch

36
Q

The strongest CODIT wall is

A

Wall #4

37
Q

Is it best to avoid pruning wood when the leaves are forming or falling

A

Yes

38
Q

Does root pruning cause denser root systems with more fibrous roots

A

Yes

39
Q

Ash trees in most urban forests are now at risk from which pest

A

Emerald Ash Borer

40
Q

The most commonly accepted default competency for arborists is

A

ISA Certified Arborist

41
Q

The main focus of arboriculture as it relates to urban forestry is

A

Sustainable management of trees for aesthetics, environmental and economic values

42
Q

Besides species what 3 factors need to be considered when using the 9th ed of the guide for plant appraisal

A

Condition, Location, Size

43
Q

Monoculture planting has contributed to high loss rates associated with storm events, disease outbreaks and insect infestations

A

Yes

44
Q

In the Tenth edition of the Guide for Plant Appraisal, what have Species and Location been replaced with as depreciation factors?

A

Functional limitations and External limitations

45
Q

How does “green” infrastructure differ from “grey” infrastructure?

A

Green infrastructure appreciates in value over its useful lifespan, Grey infrastructure slowly deteriorates over time.

46
Q

When making planting decisions for the long term, selecting tree species properly involves

A

Selecting species that have the potential to live the longest, and making sure they are planted correctly and nurtured when they are small.

47
Q

Poor planting, lack of care and protection, low urban tree diversity and inadequate or ineffective irrigation have all been significant contributing factors to low urban tree independence in the landscape.

A

Yes

48
Q

What is a Tree Protection Plan

A

A TPP outlines how construction work is to be accomplished and the steps that will be taken to preserve trees on City lands

49
Q

What is a public tree

A

Any tree which has any part of its trunk located on City lands

50
Q

What are is the 1st step in completing a Tree Protection Plan

A

Step 1: Public Tree Disclosure State

51
Q

What is the 2nd step in completing a Tree Protection Plan

A

Pre-construction meeting

52
Q

What is the 3rd step in Tree Protection Plan

A

Prepare a Tree Protection Plan

53
Q

What is the 4th step in a tree protection plan

A

Submitting your tree protection plan

54
Q

What is the 5th step in a tree protection plan

A

Hoarding Permit

55
Q

What is step 6 in a tree protection plan

A

Maintaining your Tree Protection Plan

56
Q

Who is able to preform removal, branch and root pruning work on public trees

A

A tree contractor who meets The City’s minimum standard

57
Q

Weak branches are called

A

Codominant

58
Q

A remedy for included bark is

A

Remove the limb as soon as it is detected

59
Q

A remedy for ramshorning is

A

Make proper pruning cuts

60
Q

A remedy for lions tailing is

A

Proper pruning doses and do not remove all the interior branches well leaving the exterior

61
Q

When is the worst time to prune

A

Spring Flush

62
Q

What is excurrent form

A

One singular trunk at the top, strong apical dominance - A form tree

63
Q

What is decurrent form

A

Trees with an open, branching form, scaffold branches create structure - B form tree

64
Q

What are the 3D’s of pruning

A

DeadDamagedDiseased

65
Q

What dates can you prune elms between

A

October 1st and April 1sr

66
Q

When should spring blooming shrubs be pruned

A

After flowering

67
Q

What are applications for an air spade

A

Root collar excavation, vertical mulching, radial trenching, soil aeration, root pruning, bare rooting and transplanting.

68
Q

What size does a tree protection zone need to be

A

1.2m high and extend 4m from the trunk or too the dripline of the tree

69
Q

What is the primary cause of working injury when working around electricity

A

Indirect contact

70
Q

What are the three types of chippers

A

DrumDisc Mechanical drum

71
Q

What is the minimum distance workers need to keep from electrical lines unless specially trained

A

10ft

72
Q

How is a circuit completed

A

Direct - touching an energized wire - and indirect - conductive object : limb, tool, equipment; touches energized wire and completes the connection to the ground

73
Q

In general more insulators on a power line means what

A

Higher voltage

LHAP Year 2-3 (12 decks)

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