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LHAP Year 2-3 > Irrigation > Flashcards

Irrigation Flashcards

1
Q

Half circle represents

A

Arc

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2
Q

Degrees represents

A

Trajectory

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3
Q

gpm represents

A

Flow

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4
Q

Feet represents

A

Radius

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5
Q

psi represents

A

Pressure

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6
Q

What is a check valve at the base of the sprinkler for

A

Top stop low end seep

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7
Q

What is the best sprinkler placement in a turf area

A

Head to head

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8
Q

Which sprinkler is harder to maintain

A

Rotors

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9
Q

What sprinkler has both radius and arc adjustments in the cap

A

Rotors

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10
Q

What sprinkler is the most inexpensive

A

Spray

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11
Q

What sprinkler needs a filter before the nozzle

A

Spray

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12
Q

What sprinkler has wiper seal that cleans the post as the sprinkler goes up

A

Spray

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13
Q

What sprinkler have lower PR

A

Rotors

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14
Q

What are three common manual valves

A

Gate, Ball and Butterfly

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15
Q

What is the formula for precipitation rate for square placement

A

PR=96.3gpm/(SL)

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16
Q

What is the formula for precipitation rate for triangle placement

A

PR= 96.3gpm/((S(L*.866))

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17
Q

What is the formula for precipitation rate for circles square spacing

A

PR= 96.3gpm/SL * 360/arc

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18
Q

What system, used in agriculture, uses aluminum pipe

A

Agricultural spray heads

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19
Q

What system uses mini spray heads

A

Micro irrigation systems

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20
Q

What system is the hardest to troubleshoot

A

VIH Systems

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21
Q

What BFPD is attached to the hose bib

A

HCVB

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22
Q

What system allows for individual head control

A

VIH System

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23
Q

What BFPD has 2 staggering check valves

A

Double check

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24
Q

What BFPD has reduced pressure between 2 check valves

A

RPVB

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25
Q

What BFPD has to be installed above the highest sprinkler

A

AVB, PVB

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26
Q

What is added to sprinklers that are used for sports fields

A

A rubber cap

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27
Q

A PVC pipe with an SDR rating of 21 has thicker wall than PVC pipe with an SDR rating of 11

A

No

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28
Q

When would driptubing be the most effective form of micro-irrigation

A

For a row of young trees, all the same species, in a nursery

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29
Q

What could be done to fix a problem where all the sprinklers in one zone are misting

A

Add a pressure regulator

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30
Q

In which area of an irrigation system will a pressure regulator provide the most consistency

A

PRS Sprinklers

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31
Q

What does the C on the terminal strip of a controller mean

A

Attach the common wire here

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32
Q

The filter that will take silt and clay out of the water is called

A

Sand separator

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33
Q

The maximum operating pressure of a PVC 1” 1120 Class 315 SDR 26 is

A

315psi

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34
Q

What is the best type of irrigation device to use in a small perennial bed with plant material of different water requirements

A

Point source emitters

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35
Q

Which filters are self-flushing

A

Disk and Sand media filter

36
Q

In a design how would you correct the problem of too much pressure loss in a zone to run a system

A

Increase the pipe size

37
Q

What is the problem associated with electric irrigation valve that will not shut off

A

A solenoid plunger that is stuck open

38
Q

How is pressure relieved off the upper chamber in a electric control valve

A

Through the bypass port

39
Q

Transformers in residential controllers transform power from 120v to

A

24 volts

40
Q

These parts: bonnet, plunger, diaphragm, spring are found in

A

An electric control valve

41
Q

According to the CNLA landscape standard what gauge of wires is used for light commercial residential irrigation systems

A

12 - 18 gauge

42
Q

When selecting pipe for irrigation what is used to determine the size of pipe

A

Flow and velocity

43
Q

Extra components that can be added to a micro irrigation zone are

A

Filters and pressure regulation

44
Q

What is infiltration

A

The rate at which water enters the soil profile. Usually described in inches/hour or mm/hour

45
Q

What is percolation

A

The process of water moving through the soil profile

46
Q

Does water percolate more vertically in sand or clay soil

A

Sand

47
Q

In a clay soil would you choose a drip system with emitters closer together or further apart compared to a sand soil?

A

Further apart. Closer together for clay soils

48
Q

What is ET

A

Evapotranspiration

49
Q

Where is water available to the plant, and between what storage terms

A

In soil pores between field capacity and permanent wilting point

50
Q

What is Plant Available Water

A

The amount of water available to the plant

51
Q

What is MAD and what is the default %

A

Management Allowable Depletion, 50%

52
Q

What is the MAD % for potatoes and tomatoes

A

40%

53
Q

How do you determine how long to set your controller in any single day?

A

RT = (ETl (Plant water requirement) x 60)/ PR (Percolation rate)

54
Q

How are catch cans placed for an audit

A

A grid pattern

55
Q

How long do you run an audit of spray heads and rotor heads

A

3-6mins for spray heads and 10-15mins for rotors

56
Q

How do you calculate distribution uniformity?

A

Du= average of lower quarter/average of total volume

57
Q

What is a good reading on a solenoid?

A

Between 20-60 Ohm

58
Q

When blowing out a residential system with a source psi of 50 what should the compressor be set at?

A

80psi

59
Q

What pump needs to be primed

A

Centrifugal

60
Q

What type of pump is often used in shallow water

A

Submersible

61
Q

What type pump has a motor underwater

A

Vertical turbine

62
Q

What is a VFD used for

A

Allows pumps to be ramped down and ran at frequency and voltage that meets the requirements of motors load

63
Q

What type of pump is installed in a wet well because the line shaft has to be vertical?

A

Vertical Turbine

64
Q

What is the ideal way to layout sprinklers in an irrigation design?

A

Head to head

65
Q

What is the constant for TDH calculations

A

2.31 ft/psi

66
Q

TDH stands for

A

Total Dynamic Head

67
Q

What is multiplied by 2.31 in TDH calculations

A

Friction Loss and Sprinkler psi

68
Q

If the sprinklers are below the pump station do you add or subtract elevation and why

A

Subtract, because you gain pressure travelling down hill.

69
Q

What is part of a spring startup

A

Adjust sprinklers Pressure check BFPDPlug in controller Charge battery in controller

70
Q

What would indicate a pipe was broken?

A

Wet spots/puddles, low pressure, heads not coming up.

71
Q

What causes a pipe to break?

A

Frost cracking, freezing. Shovels. Very high pressures.

72
Q

What are the 3 groups of problems that can occur in an irrigation system?

A

Mechanical, electrical, hydraulic.

73
Q

When dealing with electrical problems, What 3 areas should be checked?

A

Controllers, valves - solenoid, Field wires.

74
Q

When checking the controller where should you set your voltmeter?

A

VAC - high end

75
Q

When checking a solenoid where should you set your voltmeter?

A

OHM - low end

76
Q

What is a good reading on a solenoid?

A

Between 20-60 Ohm

77
Q

What voltage does a controller run off?

A

30vh

78
Q

Transforms from what to what?

A

120vh - 24-30vh

79
Q

When blowing out a residential system with a source psi of 50 what should the compressor be set at?

A

80psi

80
Q

Why is water conservation important in irrigation?

A

Because water is a precious resource and expensive resource

81
Q

What ways are the industry working to conserve water?

A

Technology, education, audits/maintenance, certification, and legislation

82
Q

What ways are the designers, contractors working to conserve water?

A

Using and designing with the most efficient technology, no overspray, ensuring head to head coverage and matched precipitation rates.

83
Q

What happens to a sprinkler system if the inlet port in the valve is plugged

A

The sprinklers will not shut off

84
Q

What type of information do you need to calculate the system run time?

A

Plant water requirements, sprinkler performance, soil water holding

85
Q

How long should you run the sprinklers when auditing a spray head zone

A

Until you get water in the catchcan averaging 1 1/2 time the catchcan throat area

LHAP Year 2-3 (12 decks)

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