Irrigation #2 Flashcards
What is the most expensive water to use
Potable
What are the advantages of potable water
Easiest, safest, reliable flow and pressure
What water source requires extra filtration
Grey
How do we capture groundwater
Wells
Is groundwater all the same quality
No
Other than tap water which water is sometimes considered potable
Ground water
What water source do you need license for
Ground and surface water
Which water source may require aeration
Surface water
What is the difference between a natural pond and a stormwater pond?
Storm water is collected from roadways and sidewalks whereas natural pond water is a collection of surface water
How do we prevent stormwater from going into groundwater
Rainwater harvesting
Which water sources tend to fluctuate
Surface water & Ground water
When capturing rainwater what is the source
Rooftops
How does the irrigation industry indicate non-potable water is being used
The colour purple or lavender on signage and equipment
Is reclaimed water ready to use for irrigation
No
What type of water has to used within 24hrs
Grey
What type of water can only be used for subsurface irrigation
Grey
Definition of a block system
A block system is a series of sprinkler heads that are all run by one controller and valve at the beginning of each zone.
What system takes lots of manpower to operate
Coupler system
What system is the most efficient
Mirco-irrigation
What system is often used in golf courses
Valve in head
What system allows you to isolate a whole area of sprinklers
Block system
What is the purpose of a installing a BFPD
To prevent contamination of domestic water supplies
What BFPD has to be installed on the sprinkler side of the system
AVB - Atmospheric Vacuum Breaker
What BFPD is specified by most Alberta municipalities
Double Check
What BFPD cannot be pressure checked
AVB HCVB Dual Check
What BFPD have to be installed above the highest sprinkler
AVB HCVB PVB - Pressure Vacuum Breaker
What BFPD is the best
Double check
What sprinkler is used for smaller areas
Spray heads
What sprinkler is used for smaller areas
Spray heads
What sprinkler type has lower precipitation rates
Rotary heads
What sprinkler has to operate off higher pressures
Rotary
What sprinkler has higher flow rates
Spray heads
What type of sprinkler is easiest to maintain
Spray heads
What sprinkler comes with a nozzle tree
Rotary heads
What is a PRS sprinkler
Pressure Regulated Sprinkler - regulated to a certain psi
What does purple indicate on the cap of a sprinkler
Non-potable
What is the purpose of a check valve in the bottom of a sprinkler
to prevent bottom end seepage
How does a variable arc nozzle differ from a fixed spray nozzle
The pattern that the water is distributed in can be adjusted on variable arc nozzle whereas it cannot be on a fixed spray nozzle
How does a rotator differ from a fixed spray nozzle?
Rotary heads move in a specific pattern whereas fixed nozzles do not move and just spray in a set pattern.
What is the formula for the precipitation rate of a full circle sprinkler spaced in a square pattern
PR= (96.3xgpm)/(SxL)
What is the formula for a triangular pattern?
PR=(96.3xgpm)/(Sx(Lx.866))
What is the formula for a part circle sprinkler?
Square spacing PR= ((96.3gpm)/(SL))*(360/arc)
What type of is used for situations where cultivation is needed
Aluminum
What type of pipe has the lowest friction loss
PVC
What type of pipe is most flexible
PE
What type of pipe is subject to frost cracking
PVC
What type of pipe has the highest pressure rating
HDPE
What type of pipe uses insert fittings
PE
What type of pipe can only handle lower pressures
PE
What type of pipe is joined by fusion welding
HDPE
What type of pipe is measured by outside diameter
PVC
What type of pipe is solvent welded together
PVC
What is the SDR rating on the pipe
Standard Dimension Ratio
What does 04 in PE 1404 indicate
Hydrostatic design pressure multiplied by 100
What does 160 or series 160 on PVC pipe indicate
Maximum recommended operating pressure
What is the least damaging to a landscape, a trencher or a vibratory plow
Vibratory Plow
What 2 pieces of information do you need to size a pipe
GPM and velocity
How do you calculate static pressure?
Elevation*.433=ANS
Dynamic pressure is determined by?
Elevation, friction loss and pressure loss.
What is the purpose of the bleed screw in an electric controlled valve
To release built up pressure in the upper chamber
What is the purpose of the flow control knob
To limit the amount the diaphragm can open
How does an electric control valve operate
A solenoid turns off and closes the pressure by-pass port and allows pressure to build in the upper chamber. When the valve needs to close a magnet is activated in the plunger and is lifted and pressure is allowed to decrease in the upper chamber.
How is pressure relieved off the upper chamber
The plunger is lifted by the solenoid and pressure is released through the by-pass port.
What blocks the bypass port
The plunger from the solenoid.
How does water get to the upper chamber
The intake port
What happens to the sprinklers if the inlet port is plugged
water is unable to reach the upper chamber
what manual valve is used for larger pipe sizes
Butterfly valve
Where is the transformer on an outdoor controller
Built into the wire
What voltage does the transformer transform down to
Under 30v
What does C mean on the terminal strip
Common
What colour is standard for the common wire
White
What are the coloured wires called?
Field Wires
How is a valve wired
The common is wired to either wire on top of the valve and then connected to the common on the controller and then the field wire is also wired to the valve and then wired to a zone spot on the controller
What type of programming is used on small residential controllers?
Stacked programming
How are wire splices protected in an irrigation system? Waterproof connector
Waterproof connector
What type of sensors can be installed in an irrigation control box?
Soil moisture sensor, rain sensors.
What three areas can filters be installed in an irrigation system?
Inline, at the heads, before the valves
What is the least expensive filtration system?
Mesh
What system should only be used for organic contaminants?
Mesh and Sand Media
What system is used to remove mineral contaminants?
Sand separators
What system(s) are self flushing?
Disk and Sand
Where can pressure be regulated in a system?
Inline, heads and valves
Where is the best place to regulate a sprinkler zone?
At the heads
What happens to a sprinkler pattern if the pressure is too high for the nozzle?
Brown donut
What happens if the pressure is too low for the nozzle?
Green donut
What would you use in a shrub bed if all plants have different water requirements?
Point source emitters
What would you use for a row crop where all plants are the same?
Drip tape or drip tubing
What is a root feeder for?
Trees
What is the difference between drip tape and drip tubing?
One is flat and one is round
What spacing of drip tubing would you buy for a clay soil?
1-3’
How would this compare to a sandy soil?
3-6’
What extra components do you add to the start of a micro system?
Backflow preventer, pressure regulator, filter.
A column of water 1 foot high = 1 foot of head =
.433psi
What is the constant for precipitation rate
96.3 or 369 dam real fine!
