Growing Facilities Flashcards
A rule of thumb is that greenhouses should be kept ? meters away from unavoidable obstruction
2.5m
What structure can be used for propagating plant material and overwintering plants
Cold frame
A second application of film plastic between layers will?
Decrease the rate of heat loss
What watering system is most efficient for irrigating crops indoors and outdoors
Drip irrigation
What is the most important control measure to take when recycling drain water
Filter and disinfect
What is the most important reason to overwinter container stock in an insulated environment
Insulate roots and keep moisture in.
Which gable end structure allows for the best support of overhead equipment and crops
Post-truss
Prevailing wind direction and velocity effect what in greenhouse planning
Ventilation, heating, loads.
Shade/lath houses can be used to modify which environmental components
Temperature modification, reduce transportation loss and reduce light intensity
The simplest way to store plants through the winter is
Heeling-in
Why is it important to recycle water in a greenhouse
Efficient use of water, recycle nutrients, and reduce impact on environment
What is the most common way to purify and disinfect water in a greenhouse
Reverse Osmosis
The bench arrangement that gives the greatest amount of bench space per floor area with fixed benches is
Peninsula
Tree producers will use ? To harden off trees that have been dug or transplanted during the growing season
Poly-houses
The most vital utility for successful greenhouse production is
Water quality
What is important before placing plants in a microfoam tunnels?
Plants are dormant and well watered
Which glazing will last the longest?
Tempered glass
Adequate air circulation requires ? The total volume of the greenhouse to be unoccupied
1/3
What loads are considered live loads
Wind, snow, and crop loads
What is the minimum distance a greenhouse should be placed from a shelterbelt
30m
What method can be used to control the soil environment in the field
Organic mulch
Are water collection pits essential to prevent groundwater contamination
Yes
Dead load calculations would include
Steel framing members
In order to avoid excessive snow load; to provide a safe distance if trees fall, it’s is recommended to place buildings at ? Times the height of the tallest row away
2 times away; 20 meters
What glazing material is most economical in both cost and installation
Co-polymers
What is the term for shadows cast by structural components that result in crop exposure that is not uniform
Static shadows
Stratification is especially a problem with which style of greenhouse
Gothic arch
Benches are cooler than the floor below them
No
Aluminum alloys mine advantage over galvanized steel as a structural member is
Lighter weight
Gutter connected greenhouses should be oriented what direction for maximum light transmission
North-south
What are concerns when growing in field soil
Weed problems, soil texture & structure, and pesticide residue.
Poly houses are primarily used for one specific species, which is?
Evergreens
Crazing from hail impact is a common problem for
Fiberglass
When assessing a property, what is the number one objective
Maximize environmental conditions
What tool can be used to monitor climate in an overwintering storage facility
Thermostat
The glazing that allows primarily direct transmission is
Glass
Aisle width in a greenhouse can vary from 45cm - to 120cm
Yes
What is the most important water source on the prairies is
Dugouts
Plants that are laid on their sides and piled to predetermined height would be placed under what kind of storage structure
Microfoam tunnel
If the distance from ridge to either sidewall of a greenhouse is equal in length, the greenhouse is considered
Evenspan
What fertilization method is most commonly used in the greenhouse
Fertigation
When is the best time to till a field
Fall
Under row covers warm season crops will
Mature 1-2 weeks earlier.
Which organic mulch has the most advantages
Wood chips
When is tbe most effective time to control perennial weeds in the field
Spring
Summer annual weeds are best controlled in
In the fall
Three important practices used in IPM to maintain effective control of insects and disease are
Education, monitoring, identification
What is a reason for post-planting tillage
To expose perennial roots and crowns to winter desiccation
How often should field soil be tested
3-5 years
Is record keeping unimportant in IPM
No. It is very important. You won’t know if your IPM an is working without records.
Which nutrient is usually most limited and leached easily from the soil
Nitrogen
When is the best time to work Phosphorus into the soil
Prior to planting
Slow release plus a liquid fertilizer should be used at what rate?
Half the rate
The till depth for the addition of OM is
10-12”
All fertilizers in Canada are sold as a ? Which guarantees the min % of NPK by weight
Grade
Water soluble fertilizers are used with
Fertilizer injector system
What are the specific requirements for the breakdown of organic fertilizer in soil
Warm and moist soil
Which micronutrient is the most deficient in prairie soils
Iron
How far away from the base of plants should sidedressing be done to work the nutrients into the soil
15-25cm
Is MagAmp a type of slow release fertilizer
Yes
What is a disadvantage of blended fertilizer
Limited to the nutrient ratios provided
A field soil deficient in N would require
20-25lbs of N/acre
What percentage of bleach should be used to sterilize pots & containers
10%
A broad spectrum disinfectant used in greenhouses is
Vikron
How long should you allow surfaces in a greenhouse to dry after disinfecting them with 10% bleach
24hrs
A product used to disinfect and preserve wood benches in a greenhouse is
Copper Naphthenate
Which environmental control system is least likely to be automated?
Watering systems
An indicator of Carbon Monoxide production in the greenhouse that can be seen in a CO2 burner is
Orange flame
What stage of growth is bottom heat as a temperature control most valuable
Seedlings
Carbon monoxide levels are toxic at what ppm to plants and humans
500ppm to plants and 50ppm to humans
At standard crop height a carbon dioxide sensor should be located at
Canopy level
Suspended particles and hard water present a problem primarily in
Drip irrigation systems
The three main components of an environmental control system are
The sensor, controller and process equipment
A fan system that includes an intake on one end to draw air in, with shutters opening on the other end to create positive air flow is a
Endwall exhaust
A system that is capable of reducing air temperature inside the greenhouse below ambient outside temperature is
Cooling
HAF stands for
Horizontal Action Fan
Thermostat sensors for heaters should be located at
Crop level
Greenhouse applications for forced air systems are localized
Yes
Sensors should be shaded from direct sun, set in a vented sensor box, be painted white to reflect heat and may have a small fan to draw air from the greenhouse over them
TRUE
