Urban change in HICs Flashcards
1
Q
What is migration
A
- The movement of people across an official border for permenant residance
2
Q
Positive impacts of migration on the UK
A
- Skill gaps are filled
- Culture is enriched
- Government tax revenue increases
- More low-wage workers
3
Q
Negative impacts of migration on the UK
A
- Pressure on sevices, housing and infrastructure
- Overcrowding and congestion
- Job comptetition
- Discrimination and racial tensions
4
Q
Social oppurtunities brought by urban change
A
- Cultural mix: ethnic diversity due to international and national migration
- Increased recreation and entertainment
5
Q
Economic oppurtunities brought by urban change
A
- Cultural events attract tourists and boosts local revenue
- New jobs in construction and tourism results in multiplier effect
6
Q
Environmental oppurtunities brought by urban change
A
- Intergrated transport system reduces pollution and congestion
- Decline in industry across cities results in brownfield sites. These are regenerated into green spaces
7
Q
Explain the multiplier effect (urban change)
A
- More people due to migration results in greater need for facilities
- This results in more businesses and therefore more jobs
- More jobs therefore, people have more money
- More money spent in local area = businesses have more money to employ more people = cycle repeats
- More money for government = more investment in area = more businesses attracted = more people employed = cycle repeats
8
Q
Social challenges of urban change
A
- Poverty and deprivation
- Ageing population
- Ethnic segregation
9
Q
Economic challenges of urban change
A
- Transport and traffic
- Greater pressure on energy suply
10
Q
Environmental challenges of urban change
A
- Pollution and waste disposal
- Green spaces destroyed
11
Q
What is the rural-urban fringe?
A
- Where the green, open space meets built-up areas of towns and cities
12
Q
Push factors that promotes development on the urban fringe
A
- Old, congested and expensive housing
- Lots of environmental and noise pollution
- Shortage of land for factories
13
Q
Pull factors that promotes development on the urban fringe
A
- Cheaper and larger houses with gardens
- More spacious factories
- Less air and noise pollution
14
Q
What is urban sprawl?
A
- The uncontrolled growth of towns and cities, enrouching into rural areas
15
Q
Issues of urban sprawl?
A
- Loss of farmland to build new homes
- Higher carbon emissions due to car dependency (people have to travel furhter)
- Loss of green spaces
