Global pattern of urban change Flashcards
1
Q
What is urbanisation?
A
- The process by which an increasing perentage of a country’s population comes to live in towns and cities
2
Q
Why is the rate of urbanisation higher in LIC’s than HIC’s
A
- There is a decline of industry in HIC’s as industry moves overseas to capitalise on cheaper workforce and lower taxes in NEE’s and LIC’s
- This leads to industrial growth in NEE’s and LIC’s
- Therefore, more people move to urban areas in NEE’s and LIC’s due to increased industry and increased requirement for skills and labour
- Rate of urbanisation greater in NEE’s and LIC’s than HIC’s
3
Q
What are the two main factors for urbanisation?
A
- Speed of economic development: the faster the growth of secondary and tertiary jobs, the faster the rate of urbanisation
- Population growth: also known as urban growth
4
Q
What are the two main factors for urban growth?
A
- Natural increase: birth rate is higher than the death rate
- Rural to urban migration: more people migrating from rural to urban areas due to push and pull factors
5
Q
What is a push factor and some examples?
A
- Factors that make a person want to leave a rural area
- Unemployment
- Low wages
- Poor living conditions
- Poor healthcare and education
6
Q
What is a pull factor and some examples?
A
- Factors that attract a person to live in an urban area
- More available jobs
- Higher wages
- Better living conditions
- Better healthcare and education
7
Q
What is a megacity?
A
- Urban areas with more than 10 mllion residents
8
Q
What are the main reaons for urban growth in megacities?
A
- Economic development
- Population growth
- Economics of scale
- Positive multiplier growth
9
Q
How does economic devlopment effect urban growth in megacities?
A
- Economic develpoment encourages population growth
- Population growth leads to increased need for goods and services
- Increased goods and services leads to more economic devlopment and population growth
10
Q
How does population growth effect urban growth in megacities?
A
- Young people are drawn to live in megacities due to vibrancy and oppurtunities
- Natural increase: due to better healthcare, the birth rate is higher than the death rate
11
Q
How does economics of scale effect urban growth in megacities?
A
- Cheaper to provide goods and services to one place rather than spread out over many cities
12
Q
What is the positive multiplier effect (megacities)?
A
- City acts as a beacon to people and businesses
- Encourages inward investment
- Leads to more growth and devlopment
- Generating further need for skills and labour
- Cycle multiplies positive effects and repeats
