Global variation in economic devlopment Flashcards
1
Q
What is development?
A
- The progress of a country as it becomes more economically and technologicaly advanced
- Refers to the positive changes in peoples quality of life
2
Q
What can devlopment be slowed or reversed by?
A
- War / conflict
- Disease
- Disaster
- Economic recession
3
Q
Different ways that development can occur
A
- Investments in agriculture: improves food supplies so improves health of people
- Improvements in supplies of power to rural areas
- Improvements to access to education and literacy rate
4
Q
What is the development gap?
A
- The difference in development between two regions / countries
5
Q
What do we use to measure development?
A
- Development is hard to measure because it covers so many different areas
- We measure it using indicators
- Indicators are information which tell us how developed a country is
6
Q
Why are individual indicators misleading?
A
- Misleading when used alone as some features develop before others
- This could indicate that a country is more developed than it really is
- By using multiple indicators, a clearer image of the country’s development is portrayed
7
Q
Social vs economic indicators
A
- Social indicators: show the quality of life and social well-being of people
- Social indicators E.G: life expectancy, birth control, education
- Economic indicators: show the economic development
- Economic indicators E.G: employmeny, income, house sales
8
Q
Examples of measures of development
A
- GDP: total value of a country’s output of goods and services: economic indicator
- GNI: total income received by a country: economic indicator
- HDI: multiple different factors (life expectancy, literacy rate, GNI) used to calculate a score between 0 and 1: shows social and economic disparities between countries
9
Q
Limitations of economic and social measures of devlopment
A
- GDP: ignores welfare, only looks at good and services
- GNI: only looks at income
- GNI per capita: distributes all wealth between all residents, only one really rich person and everyone else poor would still show high GNI per capita
- HDI: statistics are unreliable and subjective
10
Q
What does the DMT graph stand for and what does it show?
A
- Demographic Transition Model
- Shows the 5 different stages of population change that a country goes through as it becomes more developed
11
Q
What is natural change in the DMT?
A
- The gap between the birth rate and the death rate
12
Q
Stages of the DMT
A
- Stage 1: low total population. High birth rate due to lack of contraception. High death rate due to poor healthcare. Example: traditional rainforest tribes
- Stage 2: total population starts to increase. Birth rate remains high. Death rate starts to decrease due to better healthcare. Example: Aghanistan
- Stage 3: total population continues to increase at a slower rate. Birth rate falls rapidly due to increased birth control and family planning. Death rate continues decreasing due to improvements in medecine. Example: Nigeria
- Stage 4: high total population stops increasing. Low, fluctuating birth rate. Low, fluctuating death rate. Example: USA
- Stage 5: total population starts to decline. Birth rate decreases below death rate due to aing population. Example: South Korea
13
Q
Physical causes of uneven devlopment
A
- Landlocked countries: cut off from sea so harder to trade with other countries
- Small countries: develop slowly due to smaller population and fewer resouces
- Climate related diseases: diseases which effect the populations ability to work are more common in areas with a specific climate
- Extreme weather events: more likely in specific countries
- Available natural resource
14
Q
Economic causes of uneven devlopment
A
- Poverty: lack of money slows development as it prevents improvements
- Trade: wealthy regions dominate trade, so they are able to dictate terms of trade to their advantage, at the expense of LICs
- Technology: existing and scarce resources are used more efficiently
15
Q
Historical causes of uneven development
A
- Colonisation: LIC’s were colonised by powerful nations which led to initial uneven development, which some countries still cannot escape
- Conflict: war reduces levels of development as men are fighting instead of working. Money is used to buy weapons instead of development
