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National 5 Geography > Urban > Flashcards

Urban Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a mega city?

A

A city with a population of more than 10 million people

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2
Q

What is urbanisation caused by?

A

Migration. High birth rates. Declining death rates

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3
Q

Name the 4 layers of the concentric ring model

A

1- CBD 2- Inner City 3- Suburbs

4- Green belt

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4
Q

What are characteristics of the CBD?

A

Offices and business buildings. High order shops. Entertainment facilities (cinema, concert halls etc). Pedestrianised zones. Authority buildings. Grid iron street pattern. Main bus and train stations
BUILDING DENSITY = VERY HIGH
LAND VALUE = HIGH

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5
Q

What are characteristics of the Inner City?

A

Long rows of tenements. Large block building. Old industry and factories. Derelict land and brownfield sites. New flats and refurbished tenements
BUILDING DENSITY = HIGH
LAND VALUE = VERY LOW

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6
Q

What are characteristics of the suburbs?

A

New houses. Retail Parks. Schools. Parks. Convenience shops. Shopping centres
BUILDING DENSITY = HIGH
LAND VALUE = HIGH

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7
Q

What are charcteristics of the green belt?

A

Countryside
BUILDING DENSITY = VERY LOW
LAND VALUE = VERY HIGH

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8
Q

Name some changes in Glasgow

A

More traffic congstion in CBD due to lots more people working there, shopping there, tourists visiting and people going to college and university all in the same place at the same time

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9
Q

What is urbanisation?

A

The increase in the proportion of the worlds population

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10
Q

What are causes of increased traffic in CBD?

A

Commuters : 25% of workers are commuters creating severe congestion especially during rush hour. Few bridging points : Cars are funnelled into bottlenecks at various bridges. Narrow streets : Car parking on streets makes it difficult for cars to flow up and down streets. It also restricts the view of the driver making it dangerous for pedestrians to cross. Increasing car numbers

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11
Q

What are improvements in public transport?

A

More bicycle lanes for cyclist to travel safely. M74 was extended to offer another quick route to the city centre. More bus lanes and taxi lanes so it is quicker for people to travel.

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12
Q

Describe and explain the one way system

A

Cars flow in one direction to improve the speed at which cars travel at. This results in people getting lost and increases stress in drives which may lead to accidents.

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13
Q

Describe and explain how traffic wardens, parking meters and double yellow lines reduce traffic congestion

A

Prevents road blockages. Fines people who park in prohibited areas. Results in fustrated drivers

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14
Q

Describe and explain pedestrianisation

A

No roads which makes it safer for people to walk.

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15
Q

Describe and explain increased parking costs

A

Discourages people to go into the city centre. Unpopular with people

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16
Q

Describe and explain how encouraging public transport reduces car congestion

A

Reduces the amount of cars. Inconvenience to people

17
Q

Describe and explain how bridges and tunnels reduce traffic

A

Directs traffic away from CBD

18
Q

Why is traffic so bad in the CBD

A

Destination stop for shops and offices. Grid iron street pattern - traffic lights. Few bridging points. Route centre with lots of roads. Lots of bus stops - causes traffic to back up. Travel to work

19
Q

Consequences of traffic congestion

A

Road rage. Air and noise pollution.
Accidents. Stressed drivers may lead them to experience stress related diseases. Increased journey times. People are late for work

20
Q

Describe and explain the shopping changes in Glasgow

A

Two new large indoor shopping centres near the suburbs (EK and Silverburn)

21
Q

Why are these new shopping centres popular

A

Easy to access. Everything is in the same place. Not affected by weather. Longer opening hours. Free parking. Well catered for disabled people. Little traffic congestion

22
Q

What are economic impacts of the new shopping centres

A

CBD loses business. Unemployment increases. Government gets less tax. Government makes cuts to education, health care etc. Shopping centres near edge of city bring in more money

23
Q

What are environmental impacts of new shopping centres

A

Green belt is taken away.
Co2 emissions reduce in CBD but increase in suburbs. Area becomes more run down. Habitats are destroyed. People move out of area

24
Q

What were changes in the inner city

A

Tenements were built close together because people had to go to work so it had to be easy and accessible. Many flats were divided up due to lots of people flooding into Glasgow and more families needed homes. Glasgow city council had to redevelop inner city due to over crowdedness and urban decay

25
Q

Describe ways to prevent urban sprawl

A

Introduce greenbelts - protected land makes it very difficult to gain planning permission. Brownfield sites - encourages developers to reuse land within city boundaries by offering loans or incentives. Prevent retail parks - planning permission for out of town shopping centres now requires permission of Scotlands first minister

26
Q

Why do people want to live in suburbs

A

Near motorway junctions. Quiet. Less air and noise pollution. New, clean and attractive. Less traffic congestion. Local services. Less crime. More public transport. Land is cheaper

27
Q

Describe the effects of urban sprawl on the countryside

A

More land destroyed. Less crops grown. More competition for land

28
Q

What are problems of urban sprawl

A

Loss of animal habitats. Less open spaces. People have to move out of areas because it is too expensive. Fewer green areas - less attractive
Loss of business in CBD. Increased number of cars - more pollution. Farmers lose land - less crops grown - less food

29
Q

Why is it better for industry to set up at the city edge

A

Land is cheaper to buy. Less traffic congestion. Near motorways - easy for delivery trucks to access. Suburbs are clean, new and attractive so its pleasant environment for customers

30
Q

Population growth in Mumbai - pull factors

A

More jobs. Better education. Better healthcare. More shops and entertainment

31
Q

Population growth in Mumbai - Push factors

A

Not enough land - farm land decreasing. Crop failure - disease and lack of rain

32
Q

Describe features of shanty towns

A

Fires. People sleep on mats. Unsafe living conditions. Poor infrastructure. Lack of basic of amenities. Excess rubbish. 9 meter squared houses. Electricity tapped into illegally

33
Q

Describe solutions to Mumbai housing problems

A

Providing the shell of a building - walls and roof. Providing more toilets, standpipes and schools. Providing legal rights to the land of people. Self help schemes - give people tools and training to improve homes. City authority built a new town called New Mumbai to reduce numbers

34
Q

Describe the Dharavi Redevelopment Project 2014

A

Part of Dharavi knocked down. High rise appartments will be built. Appartments will have water, sewerage and electricity. Paid by private companies. Cost £2 billion and 7 billion years to build. Only people who have lived there before 2000 will be eligable. House 57,000 families

35
Q

Describe the self improvement plan

A

People are trained to improve their area. Skills to build more toilets, improve water supply, make walls stronger and build extra floor to home. Some will negotiate authority to supply basic services. Costs less money. Brings community together. People can change what they want most

National 5 Geography (14 decks)

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