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National 5 Geography > Health > Flashcards

Health Flashcards

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1
Q

What is meant by an infectious disease?

A

Can be spread from person to person via a variety of methods such as sexual contact, dirty water and insect bites.

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2
Q

What is meant by a non-infectious disease?

A

Cannot by ‘caught’ from someone else. These diseases can be caused by a variety of methods such as not eating enough food, diet deficiency or lifestyle choices.

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3
Q

What are the typical diseases in developed countries ?

A

Non-infectious

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4
Q

What are the typical diseases in developing countries ?

A

Infectious

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5
Q

Give a list of 7 infectious diseases ?

A 
AIDS/hiv 
Cholera
Malaria 
Leprosy 
Snail fever 
Dengue fever 
Sleeping sickness
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6
Q

Give a list of 7 non-infectious diseases?

A 
Cancer 
Scurvy
Liver disease
Heart disease 
Kwashiorkor 
Rickets 
Lung disease
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7
Q

What does endemic mean ?

A

When a disease is always present in a particular area

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8
Q

In developed countries what is the leading cause of lost life ?

A

Heart disease

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9
Q

In developing countries what is the main cause of death ?

A

Asia = strokes

South/central Africa = AIDS/hiv

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10
Q

What is the cycle of disease ?

A

Illness - unable to work hard - poverty - little food to eat - person becomes weak - illness (cycle continues)

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11
Q

Why are infectious diseases more common in developing countries ?(6)

A 
Polluted water
Poor healthcare 
Poverty
Poor diet 
Lack of sewage systems 
Warm climates that attract insects
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12
Q

What improvements could be made to reduce the amount of diseases within developing countries ?(5)

A 
Educate people = taught to prevent diseases
Produce more food
Improve healthcare facilities 
Improve sewage systems 
Provide clean water
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13
Q

Why are infectious diseases less common in developed countries ?(3)

A

Clean environmental conditions
High quality healthcare facilities
Improved health education

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14
Q

What is meant by clean environmental conditions?(3)

A

Clean water
Proper sewage systems
Refuse collections

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15
Q

What is meant by high quality health facilities ?(2)

A

Latest medical equipment and highly trained staff available

Routine inoculations against diseases (e.g. Measles )

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16
Q

What are the doing to improve health educations ?(3)

A

We are aware of causes and prevention of diseases
We know the importance of a balanced diet, safe sex and regular exercise
This is due to high literacy levels, media adverts and programmes, and school education.

17
Q

What are the causes of ill-health in developed countries ?(5)

A 
Pollution 
Social habits 
Poor diets 
Stress 
Access to health facilities
18
Q

What effect does pollution have on people in developed countries health ? (2)

A

Causes lung disease and some forms of cancer

More common in urban areas with heavy industry, and countries where environmental laws are less strict.

19
Q

What effect do social habits have on people in developed countries health ? (3)

A

Smoking, drinking and drug abuse can lead to Lung cancer and liver diseases
In developed countries more people can afford these habits
Highest rates of smoking and alcohol related illnesses are found in more deprived areas

20
Q

What effect does poor diet have on people in developed countries health ? (2)

A

People in developed countries eat too much fatty food, causing heart disease and cancers
Cheaper food contains more fat, so ill-health due to poor diet is more common in deprived areas.

21
Q

What effect does stress have on people in developed countries health ? (2)

A

Stress linked to heart and brain disease, accidents and suicides.
Usually greater in cities due to the faster, more hectic pace of life.

22
Q

What effect does access to health facilities have on people in developed countries health ? (3)

A

In many developed countries healthcare had to be paid for
Life expectancy is lower in poorer areas of such countries
Even where healthcare is free, there are big differences between rich and poor areas.

23
Q

What is malaria ?

A

A deadly blood disease spread by infected mosquitoes.

24
Q

What the human factors that cause malaria ? (4)

A

Global air travel contributes to the spread - ‘airport malaria’
Houses create areas of shade for the mosquitoes to rest.
Poor sanitation in shanty towns can contribute to areas of stagnant water.
Settlements provide large populations for blood meal.

25
Q

What are the physical factors that cause malaria ?(5)

A

Temperature must be between 15/40’c with high rainfall- this makes tropics ideal.
The presence of the female anopheles mosquito.
Stagnant water, e.g. Paddy field needed to lay larvae.
Humidity of 60% plus.
Areas of vegetation form shade to digest blood.

26
Q

How is malaria spread ?

A 
First infected mosquito
First infected person
Infected liver cells 
Infected red blood cells
Second infected mosquito
Second infected person
Process repeats
27
Q

What at the symptoms of malaria?(10)

A 
Headache 
Fever
Fatigue 
Back pain 
Chills 
Sweating 
Dry cough 
Spleen enlargement 
Nausea 
Vomiting
28
Q

Describe the first step of how malaria is spread?

A

Infected mosquito bites human

29
Q

Describe the second step of how malaria is spread?

A

Parasite is in liver within 30mins

30
Q

Describe the third step of how malaria is spread?

A

Parasite multiplies rapidly in the liver. Parasites can lie dormant in the liver for years before activating

31
Q

Describe the forth step of how malaria is spread?

A

Parasite enters blood stream and attaches to red blood cells then multiplies further.

32
Q

Describe the fifth step of how malaria is spread?

A

Infected red blood cells burst, infecting other blood cells

33
Q

Describe the sixth step of how malaria is spread?

A

Cycle repeats, reducing oxygen in body and causing fever=malaria

34
Q

Describe the seventh step of how malaria is spread?

A

After it has been released a dormant version of malaria stays in blood stream. If an uninfected mosquito bites this person it will ingest the parasite and onto infect/bite another person.

National 5 Geography (14 decks)

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