Health Flashcards
What is meant by an infectious disease?
Can be spread from person to person via a variety of methods such as sexual contact, dirty water and insect bites.
What is meant by a non-infectious disease?
Cannot by ‘caught’ from someone else. These diseases can be caused by a variety of methods such as not eating enough food, diet deficiency or lifestyle choices.
What are the typical diseases in developed countries ?
Non-infectious
What are the typical diseases in developing countries ?
Infectious
Give a list of 7 infectious diseases ?
AIDS/hiv Cholera Malaria Leprosy Snail fever Dengue fever Sleeping sickness
Give a list of 7 non-infectious diseases?
Cancer Scurvy Liver disease Heart disease Kwashiorkor Rickets Lung disease
What does endemic mean ?
When a disease is always present in a particular area
In developed countries what is the leading cause of lost life ?
Heart disease
In developing countries what is the main cause of death ?
Asia = strokes
South/central Africa = AIDS/hiv
What is the cycle of disease ?
Illness - unable to work hard - poverty - little food to eat - person becomes weak - illness (cycle continues)
Why are infectious diseases more common in developing countries ?(6)
Polluted water Poor healthcare Poverty Poor diet Lack of sewage systems Warm climates that attract insects
What improvements could be made to reduce the amount of diseases within developing countries ?(5)
Educate people = taught to prevent diseases Produce more food Improve healthcare facilities Improve sewage systems Provide clean water
Why are infectious diseases less common in developed countries ?(3)
Clean environmental conditions
High quality healthcare facilities
Improved health education
What is meant by clean environmental conditions?(3)
Clean water
Proper sewage systems
Refuse collections
What is meant by high quality health facilities ?(2)
Latest medical equipment and highly trained staff available
Routine inoculations against diseases (e.g. Measles )
What are the doing to improve health educations ?(3)
We are aware of causes and prevention of diseases
We know the importance of a balanced diet, safe sex and regular exercise
This is due to high literacy levels, media adverts and programmes, and school education.
What are the causes of ill-health in developed countries ?(5)
Pollution Social habits Poor diets Stress Access to health facilities
What effect does pollution have on people in developed countries health ? (2)
Causes lung disease and some forms of cancer
More common in urban areas with heavy industry, and countries where environmental laws are less strict.
What effect do social habits have on people in developed countries health ? (3)
Smoking, drinking and drug abuse can lead to Lung cancer and liver diseases
In developed countries more people can afford these habits
Highest rates of smoking and alcohol related illnesses are found in more deprived areas
What effect does poor diet have on people in developed countries health ? (2)
People in developed countries eat too much fatty food, causing heart disease and cancers
Cheaper food contains more fat, so ill-health due to poor diet is more common in deprived areas.
What effect does stress have on people in developed countries health ? (2)
Stress linked to heart and brain disease, accidents and suicides.
Usually greater in cities due to the faster, more hectic pace of life.
What effect does access to health facilities have on people in developed countries health ? (3)
In many developed countries healthcare had to be paid for
Life expectancy is lower in poorer areas of such countries
Even where healthcare is free, there are big differences between rich and poor areas.
What is malaria ?
A deadly blood disease spread by infected mosquitoes.
What the human factors that cause malaria ? (4)
Global air travel contributes to the spread - ‘airport malaria’
Houses create areas of shade for the mosquitoes to rest.
Poor sanitation in shanty towns can contribute to areas of stagnant water.
Settlements provide large populations for blood meal.
What are the physical factors that cause malaria ?(5)
Temperature must be between 15/40’c with high rainfall- this makes tropics ideal.
The presence of the female anopheles mosquito.
Stagnant water, e.g. Paddy field needed to lay larvae.
Humidity of 60% plus.
Areas of vegetation form shade to digest blood.
How is malaria spread ?
First infected mosquito First infected person Infected liver cells Infected red blood cells Second infected mosquito Second infected person Process repeats
What at the symptoms of malaria?(10)
Headache Fever Fatigue Back pain Chills Sweating Dry cough Spleen enlargement Nausea Vomiting
Describe the first step of how malaria is spread?
Infected mosquito bites human
Describe the second step of how malaria is spread?
Parasite is in liver within 30mins
Describe the third step of how malaria is spread?
Parasite multiplies rapidly in the liver. Parasites can lie dormant in the liver for years before activating
Describe the forth step of how malaria is spread?
Parasite enters blood stream and attaches to red blood cells then multiplies further.
Describe the fifth step of how malaria is spread?
Infected red blood cells burst, infecting other blood cells
Describe the sixth step of how malaria is spread?
Cycle repeats, reducing oxygen in body and causing fever=malaria
Describe the seventh step of how malaria is spread?
After it has been released a dormant version of malaria stays in blood stream. If an uninfected mosquito bites this person it will ingest the parasite and onto infect/bite another person.
