Urban Flashcards
What is a megacity
An urban area (city) with a population of 10 million or more people
A megacity is an urban area (city) that has a population of…million or more people
10
What is a pull factor
Being attracted to a new location for positive reasons
E.g better healthcare, education and job opportunities
What is a push factor
Being forced away from a settlement for negative reasons
E.g lack of employment
Urbanisation meaning
Increase in number of people living in towns and cities
2 main causes of urbanisation
Natural increase
Rural to urban migration
Why rural to urban migration takes place (push and pull factors) in Mumbai
Push- natural disasters, lack of employment, droughts, war and conflict, mechanisation
Pull- increased quality of life, following/ closer to family members, more job opportunities, better education and healthcare
Why birth rate is high in LICs
Lack of contraception/ education on family planning/ people avoiding contraception
Gender inequality- women marry young and have lots of children
Large family sizes (some children die from disease and bad health)
Why people are moving from city to countryside in HICs (push and pull factors)
Push factors- expensive, high crime rate
Pull factors- desire for green space, better technology (people can work at home), improved transport (people can commute to work), more peaceful life (especially for elderly)
Why birth rate is lower in HICs than LICs
Women better educated and better healthcare
Women empowered and in high managerial positions so delay having children (want to pursue their career)
Where is Mumbai located
State of Maharastra
West coast of India
Borders Arabian Sea
Mumbai is located in the state of… on the …coast of India bordering the…Sea
Maharastra, West, Arabian
Why Mumbai is regionally important
Accounts for 40% of total income in Maharastra
Mumbai accounts for…% of total income in Maharastra
40%
Why is Mumbai nationally important
Handles 60% of all India’s trade
Contributes to 33% of all India’s income tax
What % of India’s sea trade does Mumbai handle
60%
(Reason why Mumbai is nationally important)
What % of all India’s income tax does Mumbai contribute towards
33%
Why is Mumbai internationally/ globally important
Has largest number of International companies in Asia e.g Tata
Example of international company in Mumbai
Tata
Why has Mumbai grown in size
Rural to urban migration
Push factors of countryside- poverty (harsh climate makes farming difficult causing poor harvests and lack of food), lack of access to (good) education and healthcare
Pull factors of city (Mumbai)- variety of employment opportunities, higher than average wages, arranged marriages, better access to education, healthcare and basic resources like water and electricity
Social opportunities in Mumbai
Better healthcare, education and access to water and electricity
1000+ primary and secondary schools
Private and public hospitals with improves sanitation levels
Good electricity supply improves quality of life (entertainment/ cooking/ studying at night)
How many primary and secondary schools are there in Mumbai
Over 1000
How good electricity in Mumbai improves quality of life
Used for cooking, entertainment, studying at night…
What is Freiburg a case study of
How to live more sustainably in cities (water conservation, traffic management…)
Sustainable development meaning
Development that meets the needs of the current generation without compromising the ability for future generations to meet their own needs
Freiburg location and population
South West Germany, near border of France and Switzerland
220,000 (quite small city)
Freiburg population
220,000 (quite small city)
Freiburg location
South West Germany, near border of France and Switzerland
Examples of traffic management in Freiburg
Car transport made inconvenient (max speed of 30km/ hr+ lack of parking + cars banned from city centre)
Cycling made convenient (Cycling highways built + excess bike parking spaces )
70% local journeys made by tram
Explain how Freiburg is sustainable through its green space
40% of city is forested
Trees can absorb CO2+ looks pretty+ increases mental wellbeing
How are Freiburg community involved in making the city sustainable
Young, open minded community of students willing to get involved/ plan/ help environment
Outline Freiburg’s 5 pillar traffic plan
Make car use inconvenient (30km/ hr speed limit)
Divert traffic away from city centre
Limited and expensive parking
Public transport (trams easy and convenient to use)
Bike use (lots of parking and cycling highways)
What % of Freiburg’s population live within 500m of a tram stop
70%
What type of energy are Freiburg trams fuelled by
Renewable
What % of Freiburg is forested
40%
Number of community collection recycling points in Freiburg
350
What is our example of an urban regeneration project
Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park in Stratford
Opportunities provided by regeneration in Stratford
Jobs (economic)- 12,000 long term jobs created
Facilities e.g sports centre for community to use (social)
(Environmental)- polluted water ways cleaned
(Environmental)- Elizabeth park built with 4000 trees
Better transport (£17 million invested)
(Social) Quality of housing improved- Olympic village converted to housing with nearly 10,000 homes built