Issue Evaluation Flashcards
What is the National Housing Federation
Act as the voice of housing associations across England including providing homes for around 6 million people
(Building more houses is good for them because it acts as an opportunity for them to earn more income)
Page 1 summary: England’s housing challenge
National housing federation (NHF) estimates demand for new and improved houses is 340,000 per year (they are the voice of housing associations across the UK and provide homes for around 6 million people)
Government has a target to build 300,000 new homes a year (lower than NHF thinks the demand is)
However in 2022 only 170,000 new homes were built (just over half of the governments target per year)
Reason NHF estimates demand for not just new homes but also improved homes is because many existing homes are unsuitable or poor quality
National Housing Federation comment on housing crisis and make a report: suggest 1 in 7 people are hit by the housing crisis, 8 million people are living in unaffordable or unsuitable homes, there is lots of homelessness which can lead to ill health and a bad start in life for children
Housing problems (e.g people living in unsuitable housing/ unaffordable housing varies across country due to variation in average wages, variation for demand for houses (some areas have more overcrowding than others and by how much money is spent on community amenities)
3 data tables/ choropleth maps to show
1) government spending on housing and community amenities (more spending is good as it means area receives more money for schools/ sports facilities etc)
2) house prices and household income- going down table house affordability decreases as people receive less income and a percentage of their house price
3) map showing how projected growth rate varies across areas
We can use all of this information to understand that there is definitely a housing crisis however some areas are effected more by others due to housing affordability, government spending on houses etc
Community amenities meaning
Facilities
Why might the National Housing Federation (NHF) have a higher figure for the estimated demand for new houses than the government target
NHF are biased as they want to generate as much income as possible and they do this by building more houses
Trend in table page 1 for average house price compared to average household income
Going down table housing affordability increases
(Calculated by for each region doing (average household income/ average house price) x 100
E.g 6.3% means on average every year people earn 6.3% of their house price value
Average household income meaning for table page 1
How much the average person in each house in the area earns per year
(Doesn’t include children who don’t work)
Housing affordability % meaning obtained from table in page 1 e.g for London it’s 6.3%
Each year people earn that % of their house price value
(A higher percentage is better as it means their house is more affordable as they get a higher income in relation to their house price)
Where on the coropleth map page 1 are the 3 areas with highest excepted rate of growth
South west (Devon)
East of England (Norfolk/ Suffolk)
Central England (midlands)
IQR for table on government spending on housing and community amenities for different areas
£58
Do mean of 7th and 8th - mean of 2nd and 3rd
CPRE manning (features page 2)
The Campaign to Protect Rural England
Summary of page 2
Still on housing challenge- looks at Greenfield vs Brownfield sites as solutions to build more houses
Greenfield sites- cheaper to buy and develop, more space,
Brownfield sites- already road networks and infrastructure in place, expensive upgrading may be required
Urban sprawl- concerns at rate of growth of which countryside is being replaced by nee hoisting estates, road networks etc
Most urban sprawl takes place in rural urban fringe (recreational space + stops urban areas merging together)
Research by CRPE who are in favour of brownfield sites over greenfield sites as they want to protect the countryside
Industrial park meaning
Zones in cities dedicated for use by industries (e.g factories) with limited housing/ other facilities
Urban sprawl meaning
Outward growth of city
Are in the CPRE in favour of greenfield sites or brown filed sites (page 2)
Brownfield
They are the campaign to Protect Rural England so are against building houses in the countryside when there are already brown filed sites that can be used instead
2 uses of urban fringes page 2
Recreational space e.g golf courses and parks
Stopping urban areas from merging together
Garden settlement meaning page 2
A planned residential community focused around providing lots of green space and being sustainable
Are Tonbridge and Paddock villages, towns or cities
Towns
Suggest One reason why there is a housing crisis in Kent
Population increase means there are not enough homes to meet the demand
House prices are too high for many people to afford
Not enough houses are being built
What is a housing crisis
The lack of affordable houses to meet demand including due to population increase meaning many people are living in unaffordable or unsuitable homes
Unaffordable housing meaning
Houses that people live in that are so expensive that they have very little money to spend on basic necessities like clothes, food and energy e.g heating/ electricity
Why government spending on housing and community amenities isn’t necessarily fair
Spending lowest in south west despite it having the highest projected housing growth
(Lack of funding to provide sufficient services and facilities) and is also already one of the most unaffordable areas to live in
Is the government on track to meet its target of building 300,000 new homes a year by mid 2020s
No
Only 170,000 new homes built in 2022
