upper trunk and pelvic floor

Question 1

In regard to the Sacro-Iliac Joint, why is it important to know the activity level of your patient?

Answer 1

This joint when born is synovial planar joint, in 70% of ppl at age 40 it gradually turns into a fibrous joint, thick collagen fibres, it turns into a fibrous joint because that’s when we lose muscle mass, support from muscles decrease and this joint really needs to be stable so if it doesn’t have muscle mass to support it it has to become fibrous, so if you are active and muscles are still supporting it will delay. This has implications because it changes how you treat the patient

Question 2

What is the sub-pelvic angle for men and women?

Answer 2

In men this angle is 90 and women its over 110

Question 3

what is prolapsus?

Answer 3

the anterior displacement of the pelvic viscera

Question 4

what makes up the pelvic viscera ?

Answer 4

bladder rectum uturus

Question 5

how does prolapsus happen ?

Answer 5

Over time pelvic diaphragm stretches towards bottom of pelvis, which can displace rectum bladder and uterus can sink causing anterior displacement of pelvic viscera

Question 6

what is bladder prolapsus called?

Answer 6

vesical prolapsus

Question 7

what is the difference between an elastic structure and plastic structure

Answer 7

elastic can stretch and return to original size plastic does not return back after a stretch.

Question 8

what are the two regions of the perenium and why are they called that?

Answer 8

anterior: uro-genital triangle
posterior: anal triangle
because in the anterior region the urethra and the vaginal canal pass, in the posterior regino the anal canal passes

Question 9

where is the paraneal body

Answer 9

posterior to anal canal

Question 10

what is the difference between Bulbospongiousus in men and women?

Answer 10

doesn’t reach midline In females because vaginal opening

Question 11

what are the two parts of the pelvic cavity?

Answer 11

true (lesser cavity) and false (greater) cavity

Question 12

what are the 7 landmarks that create the suprior pelvic aperture?

Answer 12

sacral promontary, anterior border of sacral ala, terminal line (arcuate line, iliopubic eminence, pectan of pubis), pubis symphasis

Question 13

what 5 structures create the inferior pelvic aperture?

Answer 13

pubic symphasis, ischio-pubic ramus, ischial tuberocity, sacrotuberous ligament, coccyx

Question 14

what kind of joint is the sacroilliac joint?

what two movements does it do?

Answer 14

a synovial planar joint. nutation and counternutation

Question 15

what is nutation and counter nutation?

Answer 15

nutation: promontary moves anteriorly and inferiorly
counternutation: promontary moves posteriorly and superiorly

Question 16

what is the pubic symphasis?

Answer 16

cartilaginous joint between the two pubic bones (pubic corpora).

Question 17

what two joints continue with the posterior sacroiliac joint?

Answer 17

sacrospinous and sacrotuberous.

Question 18

what two muscle groups form the pelvic floor?

Answer 18

pelvic diaphragm and parenium muscles.

Question 19

what two muscles form the pelvic diaphragm?

Answer 19

lavator ani and coccygeus

Question 20

what three muscles form lavator ani?

Answer 20

pubo-rectalis, pubococcygeus, illiococcygeus

Question 21

why is the lavator ani muscle group not considered part of the perenial muscles even though its in the same area?

Answer 21

Because it is not innervated by the same nerve aka pudental nerve.

Question 22

what features make up the perenial region?

Answer 22

symphasis pubis, ischeal tuberosity, coccyx, paraneal body, anacoccygeal body

Question 23

name the 5 perenial muscles

Answer 23

deep transverse perenei, superficial transverse perenei, bulbospongiosus, ischioucavernosus, external anal sphvincter

Question 24

what are the three spaces we talked about?

Answer 24

ischioanal fossa, superficial perineal pouch, deep perinial pouch

Question 25

what two muscles make up the deep perinial pouch?

Answer 25

deep and superficial transverse perenei

Question 26

what 4 arteries come off the internal iliac artery?

Answer 26

obturator, greater gluteal, lesser gluteal, and internal pudendal.

Question 27

what structures do the greater and lesser gluteal arteries pass under?

Answer 27

S1 and S4 nerve respectively.

Question 28

what two bony landmarks are vertically aligned in the pelvis’ proper orientation

Answer 28

ASIS and Pubic tubercle