Face and Neck

Question 1

what are superficial and deep muscles of the face also referred to?

Answer 1

expression muscles and muscles of mastication.

Question 2

what nerve innervates superficial muscles, what nerve innervates deep muscles?

Answer 2

cranial nerve 7, and and cranial nerve 5 (trigeminal)

Question 3

whats the smile muscle, does everyone have it?

Answer 3

risorius and no only about 70% of ppl do.

Question 4

what are the three orbicularis oculi sets of fibres?

Answer 4

orbital, lacrimal, palpebral

Question 5

what are the three subdivisions of cranial nerve 5? which is the only one to have motor fibres?

Answer 5

opthalamic, maxillary, mandibular, mandibular has motor

Question 6

define bell’s palsy?

Answer 6

peripheral nerve lesion that involves the motor fibres of cranial nerve 7.

Question 7

what are some symptoms of bells palsy?

Answer 7

corner of eye and mouth is not symmetrical aka drooping. unable to blink or whistle, tears and saliva may be dripping.

Question 8

how does bells palsy happen?

Answer 8

motor fibres of cn7 pass through stylomastoid foramen, these motor fibres are covered by connective tissue that has mast cells within them, mast cells produce histamine (dilating hormone) which can then lead to the connective tissue squeezing the nerve fibres against the foramen.

Question 9

when can bells palsy happen?

Answer 9

females a lot of time, cold, allergies, preganant, viral infection. (so ask if them if they have been sick when they come to your clinic)

Question 10

how can you ensure it is bells palsy and not a stroke?

Answer 10

if it is just the motor and not sensory or parasympathetic function that is lost, it is bells palsy. (ask if they can taste with their tongue)
parasympathetic should be intact as well, so if dry eyes and mouth its stroke.

Question 11

what if only the motor fibres are affected in a stroke? how can you tell

Answer 11

upper muscle fibres are innervated by both cortex’s so in a stroke those should still be functioning.
crocodile tear: tears stream down face cuz lacramal fibres or orbicularis oculi arent functioning properly to open the duct to let tears go through it.

Question 12

what kind of joint is the tmj joint and describe the articulating surfaces and importance of intraarticular disc?

Answer 12

condylar synovial joint. condylar process of mandible and articular tubercle of temporal bone. both of these are convex so the intraarticular disc adds to the congurency of the joint as well as dividing the joint into two seperate spaces.

Question 13

why is the tmj fibrocartilage rather then hyaline?

Answer 13

for strength.

Question 14

what are the two intrinsic ligaments that support the tmj joint?

Answer 14

sphenomandibular and temporomandibular.

Question 15

what happens to tmj to allow mouth to fully open?

Answer 15

head of mandible gets pulled forward by lateral pterygoid

Question 16

how do you border the neck with the head and the body.

Answer 16

head: body and angle of mandible, mastoid process, ex occipital protuberance.
body: jugular notch, clavicle until you reach acromion and spinous process of c7.

Question 17

what are the 4 regions of the neck?

Answer 17

anterior (triangle) (hyoid msucles), SCM, lateral (posterior triangle), and posterior

Question 18

what is the ponctum nervosum?

Answer 18

midpoint of scm where lesser occipital, greater auricular, transverse cervical, and supraclavicular nerves wrap around.

Question 19

where do the nerves of ponctum nervosum innervate?

Answer 19

lesser occipital: back of head
greater auricular: ear
transverse cervical: anterior triangle of neck
supraclavicular: skin around clavicle

Question 20

where do subclavian artery and vein pass?

Answer 20

behind and infront of anterior scalene

Question 21

which artery supplies the brain?

Answer 21

vertebral artery

Question 22

what does the thyrocervical trunk divide into and what do they supply blood with?

Answer 22

transverse cervical: supplies traps

suprascapular: all muscles of scapula

Question 23

what vein drains head and neck?

Answer 23

internal jugular.

Question 24

what are the 4 suprahyoid muscles?

Answer 24

geniohyoid, myohyoid, digastric, mylohyoid

Question 25

what are the 4 infrahyoid muscles?

Answer 25

thyrohyoid, sternothyroid, sternohyoid, omohyoid

Question 26

what are the hyoid muscles innervated by?

Answer 26

C123

Question 27

what is the functon of the infrahyoid muscles?

Answer 27

as a base for the hyoid so that the suprahyoid muscles can manipulate the hyoid bone

Question 28

what is the function of the suprahyoid muscles.

Answer 28

open mouth, elevate hyoid, or depress mandible.

Question 29

what is forward head posture and who is likely to have it, what can it cause?

Answer 29

Someone with COPD because they have a hard time breathing so they use accerssory muscles (scalene muscles) too much. it causes lots of stress on cervical region, moves the first two ribs up leaving little room between sternum and ribs which can effect nerves and things.

Question 30

what 3 arteries branch off from internal corotid artery and where do they supply?

Answer 30

facial- superficial part of face
superficial temporal- major part of scalp
maxillary- deep cavities of face

Question 31

what are the prime flexors of the neck?

Answer 31

longus cervices and longus capitis is also there, longus capitus is lateral to cervices.