Face and Neck Flashcards
what are superficial and deep muscles of the face also referred to?
expression muscles and muscles of mastication.
what nerve innervates superficial muscles, what nerve innervates deep muscles?
cranial nerve 7, and and cranial nerve 5 (trigeminal)
whats the smile muscle, does everyone have it?
risorius and no only about 70% of ppl do.
what are the three orbicularis oculi sets of fibres?
orbital, lacrimal, palpebral
what are the three subdivisions of cranial nerve 5? which is the only one to have motor fibres?
opthalamic, maxillary, mandibular, mandibular has motor
define bell’s palsy?
peripheral nerve lesion that involves the motor fibres of cranial nerve 7.
what are some symptoms of bells palsy?
corner of eye and mouth is not symmetrical aka drooping. unable to blink or whistle, tears and saliva may be dripping.
how does bells palsy happen?
motor fibres of cn7 pass through stylomastoid foramen, these motor fibres are covered by connective tissue that has mast cells within them, mast cells produce histamine (dilating hormone) which can then lead to the connective tissue squeezing the nerve fibres against the foramen.
when can bells palsy happen?
females a lot of time, cold, allergies, preganant, viral infection. (so ask if them if they have been sick when they come to your clinic)
how can you ensure it is bells palsy and not a stroke?
if it is just the motor and not sensory or parasympathetic function that is lost, it is bells palsy. (ask if they can taste with their tongue)
parasympathetic should be intact as well, so if dry eyes and mouth its stroke.
what if only the motor fibres are affected in a stroke? how can you tell
upper muscle fibres are innervated by both cortex’s so in a stroke those should still be functioning.
crocodile tear: tears stream down face cuz lacramal fibres or orbicularis oculi arent functioning properly to open the duct to let tears go through it.
what kind of joint is the tmj joint and describe the articulating surfaces and importance of intraarticular disc?
condylar synovial joint. condylar process of mandible and articular tubercle of temporal bone. both of these are convex so the intraarticular disc adds to the congurency of the joint as well as dividing the joint into two seperate spaces.
why is the tmj fibrocartilage rather then hyaline?
for strength.
what are the two intrinsic ligaments that support the tmj joint?
sphenomandibular and temporomandibular.
what happens to tmj to allow mouth to fully open?
head of mandible gets pulled forward by lateral pterygoid
how do you border the neck with the head and the body.
head: body and angle of mandible, mastoid process, ex occipital protuberance.
body: jugular notch, clavicle until you reach acromion and spinous process of c7.
what are the 4 regions of the neck?
anterior (triangle) (hyoid msucles), SCM, lateral (posterior triangle), and posterior
what is the ponctum nervosum?
midpoint of scm where lesser occipital, greater auricular, transverse cervical, and supraclavicular nerves wrap around.
where do the nerves of ponctum nervosum innervate?
lesser occipital: back of head
greater auricular: ear
transverse cervical: anterior triangle of neck
supraclavicular: skin around clavicle
where do subclavian artery and vein pass?
behind and infront of anterior scalene
which artery supplies the brain?
vertebral artery
what does the thyrocervical trunk divide into and what do they supply blood with?
transverse cervical: supplies traps
suprascapular: all muscles of scapula
what vein drains head and neck?
internal jugular.
what are the 4 suprahyoid muscles?
geniohyoid, myohyoid, digastric, mylohyoid
what are the 4 infrahyoid muscles?
thyrohyoid, sternothyroid, sternohyoid, omohyoid
what are the hyoid muscles innervated by?
C123
what is the functon of the infrahyoid muscles?
as a base for the hyoid so that the suprahyoid muscles can manipulate the hyoid bone
what is the function of the suprahyoid muscles.
open mouth, elevate hyoid, or depress mandible.
what is forward head posture and who is likely to have it, what can it cause?
Someone with COPD because they have a hard time breathing so they use accerssory muscles (scalene muscles) too much. it causes lots of stress on cervical region, moves the first two ribs up leaving little room between sternum and ribs which can effect nerves and things.
what 3 arteries branch off from internal corotid artery and where do they supply?
facial- superficial part of face
superficial temporal- major part of scalp
maxillary- deep cavities of face
what are the prime flexors of the neck?
longus cervices and longus capitis is also there, longus capitus is lateral to cervices.
