lumbar plexus and thigh

Question 1

what are the two kinds of plexi, define them?

Answer 1

somatic plexus- sensory of skin and controls skeletal muscle.
visceral plexus- information of visceral organs

Question 2

what kind of plexus is the lumbar plexus?

Answer 2

somatic

Question 3

What are the 9 regions of the abdomen and what lines seperate the regions?

Answer 3

• Mid clavicular lines (vertical, mid clavical)
  
  • Subcoastal (horizontal, right below coastal margin)
  • Transtubercular (horizontal, illiac tubercles, 2 inches behind asis)
    1. Left hypochondrium
    2. Epigastric
    3. Right hypochondrium
    4. Left lumbar
    5. Umbilical
    6. Right lumbar
    7. Left inguinal
    8. Hypogastric
    Right inguinal

Question 4

where does iliohypogastric innervate?

Answer 4

lateral side of glut region and in hypogastric region of the abdomen.

Question 5

where does illioinguinal innervate?

Answer 5

Sensory mostly, lateral glut

Passes through inguinal canal with is muscle wall and supplies anterior half of external genitals

Question 6

what does cutaneous refer to?

Answer 6

skin

Question 7

lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh, where it comes from where it goes.

Answer 7

Pure sensory
L2 and l3
Lateral side of thigh
1 inch medial to asis
Always passes deep to inguinal lig
	- Not much space there though so it can be exposed to mechanical stress
	- Anything that stretches inguinal lig can compress the nerve behind
		○ Being obese
		○ Pregnancy
		○ Heavy outfit
Feels like pins and needles

Question 8

what is meralgia paraethetica?

Answer 8

Always passes deep to inguinal lig
- Not much space there though so it can be exposed to mechanical stress
- Anything that stretches inguinal lig can compress the nerve behind
○ Being obese
○ Pregnancy
○ Heavy outfit…. TIGHT UNDERWEAR

Feels like pins and needles

Question 9

genitofemoral

Answer 9

genital (motor) and femoral (sensory) (almost equal)

Question 10

what muscle does the genital nerve innervate?

Answer 10

Cremaster muscle

Question 11

what is the purpose of cremaster, why?

Answer 11

contracts to bring testis closer to abdominals. □ This is because testicles can function two or 3 degrees colder then abdominal cavity, that’s why they are not located there.
When testicles are too cold this muscles brings them closer to the abdominal cavity to warm them up

Question 12

where does the saphenous nerve supply?

Answer 12

medial border of leg and medial border of foot

Question 13

what are the three femoral nerve sensory branches?

Answer 13

saphenous, medial and anterior cutaneous nerve of thigh

Question 14

where does obturator nerve supply?

Answer 14

medial thigh (groin)

Question 15

where does superficial fibular nerve supply?

Answer 15

supplies mostly dorsum of the foot

Question 16

where does deep fibular supply?

Answer 16

web between big toe and second toe

Question 17

where does lateral sural supply?

Answer 17

lateral leg

Question 18

superior clunial ?

Answer 18

back high hammy

Question 19

medial clunial ?

Answer 19

lateral upper thigh

Question 20

inferior clunial

Answer 20

right below superior

Question 21

posterior femoral cutaneous?

Answer 21

big portion of hammy and a bit of back of knee

Question 22

sural?

Answer 22

posterior aspect of leg and lateral border of the foot

Question 23

calcaneal?

Answer 23

• Heel

Calcaneus bone

Question 24

Lateral plantar

Answer 24

Cuntaneus

Lateral third plantar aspect of foot

Question 25

Med plantar

Answer 25

medial 2/3 plantar aspect of foot

Question 26

Vericosus, how do you avoid getting it?

Answer 26

Deep vein get to full of blood, so they pass to superficial veins which can lead to rupturing of superficial veins.
- How do you avoid this
○ Keep moving your legs
○ Walk around don’t stand still, so that your muscles can pump

Question 27

explain where the greater sephenus vein passes.

Answer 27

• Medial side of dorsal venous arch
  
  • Passes one inch anterior to medial malleolus
  • Ascends medial side of leg, reaches to knee
  • 4 inches behind patella
  • Ascends until fascia latte (deep fascia of lower limb)
    ○ Opening in fascia latte is designed for this vein
    Empties into femoral vein

Question 28

why might you massage along the greater sephanus vein if swollen?

Answer 28

lymph follows this vein

Question 29

where does the lesser sephenus vein run?

Answer 29

• Lateral side of dorsal venous arch
  
  • One inch posterior to lateral maelleolus
    Acends to back of leg into POPLITEAL VEIN

Question 30

what are the three muscular sections of the thigh and why are they named the wy they are?

Answer 30

because of the nerve innervation. 1. Anterior- or extensor
2. Medial- adductor
Posterior- flexors

Question 31

what is Adductor tenotomy?

Answer 31

cutting adductor longus. Cerebral palsy has very spastic adductor muscles
- Called scissors gate.. One leg goes directly in line with the other foot
Surgery to cut adductor magnus

Question 32

where does the femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve innervate?

Answer 32

skin of femoral triangle

Question 33

what does polio target?

Answer 33

anterior horn of spinal cord.

Question 34

what kind of paralysis does polio create?

Answer 34

spastic paralysis

Question 35

what gets damaged to lead to spastic paralysis and flaccid paralysis?

Answer 35

pns damage leads to spastic and cns damage leads to flaccid paralysis

Question 36

what is tendotransfer?

Answer 36

In severe cases of polio they cut insertion of biceps femoris and connect to patella tendon to make it an extensor

Question 37

describe in descending order the nerves that start with the nerve directly inferior to rib 12.

Answer 37

subcostal, iliohypogastric right underneath, then ilioinguinal below that, then lateral femoral cutaneous heads to asis from from vertabrae, genitofemoral splits into genital and femoral nerves

Question 38

which nerve wraps behind and infront of the femur?

Answer 38

lateral circumflex and medial circumflex

Question 39

which menisci has more soft tissue attachemnts and what does it mean?

Answer 39

medial has more attachments and is less mobile and can get injured more often.

Question 40

what often gets injured when you injure your medial meniscus and why?

Answer 40

MCL because its attached to it

Question 41

contraction of semitendinosus and semimembranosus can lead to so negative effects on the back, what is it and how?

Answer 41

contraction results in posterior tilt which decreases lumbar curvature which leads to lower back pain.