knee, foot, leg Flashcards
what muscle pulls slack in the knee in flexion?
articularis genus.. when you go from flexion to extension this muscle pulls slack and stop impingement
what kind of joint is the knee joint?
bicondylar synovial
which menisci
ANSWER
connects lateral men to pcl
ANSWER THIS
what keeps the lcl and lateral menisics seperate?
ligament of popliteus
what rom would it be okay for someone with severe osteoarth in the knee and why?
20 degrees, this rom only includes rolling which doesnt effect the knee. not much friction
what would happen if the knee joint just had gliding or just had rolling and didnt combine the two?
Not enough surface on tibial plate for femoral condyles the femur would slide off cuz femoral condyles are bigger then tibial plate if it was just rolling
If it was just gliding rom would be hindered because the femur would hit posterior tibia
what are the leg facial compartments?
anterior, lateral, and posterior (deep and superficial) or extensor, evertors, or flexors
what are the three leg facial compartment nerve innervations?
ANSWER THIS
prime extensor of big toe?
ANSWER THIS
what bands are strapping tib anterior? what is the function of these bad boys?
ANSWER THIS
what is insertion of toe muscles?
dorsal digital expansion (extensor hood)
what happens to dorsal digital expansion?
divides into three parts, one extending to proximal middle phalenx and the other two do distal.
which muscle in ant compartment actually has a differnet action and what is the action
ANSWER THIS
what is the vasalius bone and what are the clinical implications?
Insertion of fib tertius is on styloid process of 5th metatarsal
Styloid process develps seperatly but then its supposed to fuse
Sometiems it fails to do this tho oh damn
This can lead to at age 20-25 pain at lateral border of foot
Especially with eversion
what muscles hold tendons of peronius longus and brevis?
peroneal retinaculum
what is tenovaginitis?
synovial sheeth that covers peroneus longus and brevis that passes under peroneal retinaculum can get inflammed
what is terminal end of popliteal artery and where is it?
lowest border of popliteus, anterior tibial and posterior tibial are the arteries it divides into
where does ant tibial artery go?
interosseus membrane and supplies anterior compartment
what is bumpers fracture?
Fracture of neck of fib that leads to common fib nerve damage
what happens to gate with bumpers fracture (steppage gate)?
dropped foot, loses dorsiflexion, so cant heal strike. toes drag or get to ground first, so you have to conpensate with flexion of hip and throwing of leg fowards, then entire plantar aspect of foot hits ground
describe superficial peroneal nerve?
Descends in lateral comp Mixed nerve Motor and sensory fibres Supply peron long and brev Sensory go to most of dorsum of foot and lower part of lateral aspect of leg
how can you tell someone has lead poisoning?
- Common fib nerve and radial nerve is very sensitive to lead, so if patient has lead in them they come in with dropped foot
So is the radial nerve! And radial nerve also is only nerve to supply web in hand, so if hand is fucked you know exactly what is is
what muscles make up the triceps surae?
two heads of gastroc and soleus
if the tibial nerve gets severed at the mid leg, what would happen to triceps surae? why?
no becuase the tibial nerve innervates them in the popleteal fossa.
what happens in congenital shortening of the calc tendon and what is z plasty?
kids walk on tippie toes, might fix itself if not a lot, but if its really bad they cut tendon in z shape in surgery (z plasty), extend it and add plataris to it. 3 month dont touch them
what is enthesitis?
pain and inflammation of insertion points of major tendons.
what are hte open and closed chain movements for popliteus
open chain- medial rotation of tibia, closed- lateral of femur
what happens if tibial nerve gets severed from connecting to popliteus?
Action, pulll back lateral meniscis, prevents lat menisc from getting impinged during flexion
So damage to nerve may increase risk of impinge
which three muscles originate close to soleul line and what are the orientations?
soleus- on line
popliteus above line
flexor digitorum- below
wher do you find posterior tibial artery
with nerve between deep and superficial msucles of posterior leg
where does flexor retinaculum run from?
medial malleolus and calcaneus
order from closest to furthest that go through flexor retinaculum (tom dick and not harry
Tibialis posterior flexor Digitorum longus post tibial Art tibial Nerve flexor Halluxes longus
where is tarsal tunnel?
under flexor retinaculum on medial aspect of foot
describe tib fib joint
planar non axial synovial joint. intrisic lig that support it that you cannot distinguish,
proximal- posterior and anterior lig of fibular head.
mid tib fib- interosseous membrane (syndesmosis joint)-
distal tib fib joint- syndesmosis, anteror and posterior tib fib lig
describe COG in reference to whole leg and hip and what it does for balance and ability to stand upright?
COG passes posterior to hip and anterior to knee and foot
Cog and line of gravitiy passes behind hip joint, makes a posterior tilt stabalizing hip joint through those tight ligaments that cog creates.
Line of gravity passing behind knee joint creating flexion would mean you need to activate quad muscles to stand upright . But it doesn’t, it passes in front creating extention of knee joint so you don’t to actvate muscles to maintain balance.. colateral lig, it band, condylar plate
In foot dorsiflexion is more stable
So cog should pass anteror to ankle joint
what does Chronic Overstretching of plantar fascia and apponerosus cause?
- pes plantus and more improtantly,
- it causes a calcaneal spur which is inflammation , usually results in medial calc tubercles- pulls on periosteum. Stimulates osteocells to vreate more bone. This creates a calcaneal spur
- hammer toes- pull toes into flexion but when standing that cant happen so it pull pip into flexion and dip into full extension. tip is hyper extension as well (on my second toe i have it)
what do the plantar fascia and appon do?
Protects underlying structures,-and maintains all arches
what is axis of abduction and adduction of toe?
2nd toe
