knee, foot, leg

Question 1

what muscle pulls slack in the knee in flexion?

Answer 1

articularis genus.. when you go from flexion to extension this muscle pulls slack and stop impingement

Question 2

what kind of joint is the knee joint?

Answer 2

bicondylar synovial

Question 3

which menisci

Answer 3

ANSWER

Question 4

connects lateral men to pcl

Answer 4

ANSWER THIS

Question 5

what keeps the lcl and lateral menisics seperate?

Answer 5

ligament of popliteus

Question 6

what rom would it be okay for someone with severe osteoarth in the knee and why?

Answer 6

20 degrees, this rom only includes rolling which doesnt effect the knee. not much friction

Question 7

what would happen if the knee joint just had gliding or just had rolling and didnt combine the two?

Answer 7

Not enough surface on tibial plate for femoral condyles the femur would slide off cuz femoral condyles are bigger then tibial plate if it was just rolling
If it was just gliding rom would be hindered because the femur would hit posterior tibia

Question 8

what are the leg facial compartments?

Answer 8

anterior, lateral, and posterior (deep and superficial) or extensor, evertors, or flexors

Question 9

what are the three leg facial compartment nerve innervations?

Answer 9

ANSWER THIS

Question 10

prime extensor of big toe?

Answer 10

ANSWER THIS

Question 11

what bands are strapping tib anterior? what is the function of these bad boys?

Answer 11

ANSWER THIS

Question 12

what is insertion of toe muscles?

Answer 12

dorsal digital expansion (extensor hood)

Question 13

what happens to dorsal digital expansion?

Answer 13

divides into three parts, one extending to proximal middle phalenx and the other two do distal.

Question 14

which muscle in ant compartment actually has a differnet action and what is the action

Answer 14

ANSWER THIS

Question 15

what is the vasalius bone and what are the clinical implications?

Answer 15

Insertion of fib tertius is on styloid process of 5th metatarsal
Styloid process develps seperatly but then its supposed to fuse
Sometiems it fails to do this tho oh damn
This can lead to at age 20-25 pain at lateral border of foot
Especially with eversion

Question 16

what muscles hold tendons of peronius longus and brevis?

Answer 16

peroneal retinaculum

Question 17

what is tenovaginitis?

Answer 17

synovial sheeth that covers peroneus longus and brevis that passes under peroneal retinaculum can get inflammed

Question 18

what is terminal end of popliteal artery and where is it?

Answer 18

lowest border of popliteus, anterior tibial and posterior tibial are the arteries it divides into

Question 19

where does ant tibial artery go?

Answer 19

interosseus membrane and supplies anterior compartment

Question 20

what is bumpers fracture?

Answer 20

Fracture of neck of fib that leads to common fib nerve damage

Question 21

what happens to gate with bumpers fracture (steppage gate)?

Answer 21

dropped foot, loses dorsiflexion, so cant heal strike. toes drag or get to ground first, so you have to conpensate with flexion of hip and throwing of leg fowards, then entire plantar aspect of foot hits ground

Question 22

describe superficial peroneal nerve?

Answer 22

Descends in lateral comp
Mixed nerve
Motor and sensory fibres
Supply peron long and brev
Sensory go to most of dorsum of foot and lower part of lateral aspect of leg

Question 23

how can you tell someone has lead poisoning?

Answer 23

• Common fib nerve and radial nerve is very sensitive to lead, so if patient has lead in them they come in with dropped foot
  So is the radial nerve! And radial nerve also is only nerve to supply web in hand, so if hand is fucked you know exactly what is is

Question 24

what muscles make up the triceps surae?

Answer 24

two heads of gastroc and soleus

Question 25

if the tibial nerve gets severed at the mid leg, what would happen to triceps surae? why?

Answer 25

no becuase the tibial nerve innervates them in the popleteal fossa.

Question 26

what happens in congenital shortening of the calc tendon and what is z plasty?

Answer 26

kids walk on tippie toes, might fix itself if not a lot, but if its really bad they cut tendon in z shape in surgery (z plasty), extend it and add plataris to it. 3 month dont touch them

Question 27

what is enthesitis?

Answer 27

pain and inflammation of insertion points of major tendons.

Question 28

what are hte open and closed chain movements for popliteus

Answer 28

open chain- medial rotation of tibia, closed- lateral of femur

Question 29

what happens if tibial nerve gets severed from connecting to popliteus?

Answer 29

Action, pulll back lateral meniscis, prevents lat menisc from getting impinged during flexion
So damage to nerve may increase risk of impinge

Question 30

which three muscles originate close to soleul line and what are the orientations?

Answer 30

soleus- on line
popliteus above line
flexor digitorum- below

Question 31

wher do you find posterior tibial artery

Answer 31

with nerve between deep and superficial msucles of posterior leg

Question 32

where does flexor retinaculum run from?

Answer 32

medial malleolus and calcaneus

Question 33

order from closest to furthest that go through flexor retinaculum (tom dick and not harry

Answer 33

Tibialis posterior 
flexor Digitorum longus 
post tibial Art
tibial Nerve 
flexor Halluxes longus

Question 34

where is tarsal tunnel?

Answer 34

under flexor retinaculum on medial aspect of foot

Question 35

describe tib fib joint

Answer 35

planar non axial synovial joint. intrisic lig that support it that you cannot distinguish,

proximal- posterior and anterior lig of fibular head.

mid tib fib- interosseous membrane (syndesmosis joint)-

distal tib fib joint- syndesmosis, anteror and posterior tib fib lig

Question 36

describe COG in reference to whole leg and hip and what it does for balance and ability to stand upright?

Answer 36

COG passes posterior to hip and anterior to knee and foot

Cog and line of gravitiy passes behind hip joint, makes a posterior tilt stabalizing hip joint through those tight ligaments that cog creates.

Line of gravity passing behind knee joint creating flexion would mean you need to activate quad muscles to stand upright . But it doesn’t, it passes in front creating extention of knee joint so you don’t to actvate muscles to maintain balance.. colateral lig, it band, condylar plate

In foot dorsiflexion is more stable
So cog should pass anteror to ankle joint

Question 37

what does Chronic Overstretching of plantar fascia and apponerosus cause?

Answer 37

• pes plantus and more improtantly,
• it causes a calcaneal spur which is inflammation , usually results in medial calc tubercles- pulls on periosteum. Stimulates osteocells to vreate more bone. This creates a calcaneal spur
• hammer toes- pull toes into flexion but when standing that cant happen so it pull pip into flexion and dip into full extension. tip is hyper extension as well (on my second toe i have it)

Question 38

what do the plantar fascia and appon do?

Answer 38

Protects underlying structures,-and maintains all arches

Question 39

what is axis of abduction and adduction of toe?

Answer 39

2nd toe