Upper Respiratory Tract Pathology Flashcards
Fall pathogens
rhinovirus
parainfluenza virus
GAS
(same ones as spring)
Winter pathogens
RSV
adenovirus
influenza virus
spring pathogens
rhinovirus
parainfluenza virus
GAS
(same ones as fall)
summer pathogens
adenovirus
bordetella pertussus
enterovirus
what are the most common bacterial causes of paranasal sinusitis?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae
Moraxella catarrhalis
(same as cause for otitis media)
what are the most common viral causes of paranasal sinusitis?
adenovirus
influenza
parainfluenza
rhinovirus
what happens on day 1-2 of the common cold?
throat irritation
sneezing
nasal stuffiness
what happens on day 2-4 of the common cold?
rhinitis
watering eyes
sometimes hoarseness
cough
what happens on day 5-7 of the common cold?
low grade fever (100.5-102)
chilliness
headache
myalgia
for paranasal sinusitis, what will you find on the physical exam?
mucopurulent discharge
mucosa is erythematous
cervical LNs NOT tender/big
tenderness over sinuses
what causes compression of the alveolar nerve?
paranasal sinusitis —> plugged up maxillary sinus –> cold 10+ days –> distended maxillary sinus presses on alveolar nerves —> teeth ache
what are the complications of paranasal sinusitis?
orbital “swollen eye”
osteomyelitis
intracranial
how long does pharyngitis last?
4-10 days
what causes pharyngitis?
adenovirus
influenza
parainfluenza
what does NOT cause pharyngitis?
rhinovirus
RSV
what are the less likely causes of pharyngitis?
GAS
EBV
Enterovirus
what causes otitis externa? Does it present with fever?
NO FEVER Pseudomonas aeruginosa (in tap water = swimming) staphylococcus aureus (drug users, it's on the skin) GAS = group A streptococcus
drug users clean syringes with tap water
how do you treat otitis externa?
ear drops = acetic acid washes with a mixture against gram + rods
what pathogens cause otitis media? Does it present with fever?
yes to fever Streptococcus pneumoniae Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Moraxella catarrahalis (same as cause for paranasal sinusitis)
how do you define recurrent acute otitis media?
3 episodes in 6 months
OR
4 episodes in 12 months
whats the most likely cause of epiglottitus/supraglottitis?
Haemophilus influenzae type b causes 90% of cases.
May also be caused by nontypeable H. influenzae or other bacteria
what pathogens cause Croup? What does it look like on X-ray?
STEEPLE SIGN!! = SUBepiglottic edema viruses: PARAINFLUENZA (think Puppy sound) influenza RSV adenovirus
rapid onset in epidemic patterns like DAYCARE –> outbreaks
transmitted by respiratory droplets of hand –> mouth
what are Sinonasal Papillomas (nasal polyp) associated with?
HPV 6 and 11
CF
what markers do you use for olfactory neuroblastoma?
S100
neuron specific enolase
chromogranin
synaptophysin
what are “rossets” associated with?
“smell the roses”
Olfactory Neuroblastoma
who gets vocal cord polyps?
singers
smokers
