Antibiotics for Lung Infections Flashcards
aminoglycoside
mechanism of action
inhibition of protein synthesis
bactericidal
aminoglycoside
spectrum : gram? aerobic or anaerobic?
aerobic gram-negative bacteria
aminoglycoside
side effects
nephrotoxicity
ototoxicity (tinnitus, hearing loss, vertigo)
what are the two common types of aminoglycosides?
gentamicin= most commonly used aminoglycoside
tobramycin = similar properties to gentamicin. Inhaled formulation used to treat early P. Aeruginosa infections in CF
vancomycin
mechanism of action
inhibition of transglycosylase and chain elongation by binding to cell wall precursors attached to a lipid carrier.
bactericidal
is vancomycin for gram + or gram -?
gram-positive bacterial only
vancomycin
uses
methicillin-resistant S. aureus
penicillin-resistant pneumococcal infections
vancomycin
side effects
red man syndrome
extreme flushing on rapid IV infusion
tetracyclin
mechanism of action
inhibition of protein synthesis
bacteriostatic
tetracyclin
side effects
dental staining in children (don’t want to give to young children bc their teeth are still growing)
photo-sensitivity
what are the two types of tetracyclines?
tetracyclin = older drug with shorter 1/2 life doxyclycline = newer drug with long 1/2 life
Macrolides
mechanism of action
inhibition of protein synthesis
bacteriostatic
what type of bacteria do Macrolides kill?
aerobic
gram + bacteria
mycobacterium
mycoplasma
Macrolides
side effects
HEART PROBLEMS ***prolongation of the QT interval!!! increasing risk of ventricular arrythmias torsades de pointes sudden cardiac death
Do not combine with other drugs that prolong QT interval!!!
what are the different classes of macrolides?
erythromycin
clarithromycin
azithromycin
what type of drug is erythromycin? What diseases is it used for?
it is a macrolide
drug of choice for treating pertussis and diptheria
what is clarithromycin used to treat?
used (like azithromycin) to treat:
1 )mycobacterial infections
2) community-acquired pneumonia
what disease does azithromycin treat?
***Drug of choice for treating Legionella
fluoroquinolones
mechanism of action
inhibition of DNA gyrase AND topoisomerase IV (4)
bactericidal
fluoroquinolones
side effects
damage to growing cartilage (don’t give to kids)
rare tendonitis with possible tendon rupture
photo-sensitivity
QT Prolongation!!!
what are the two types of fluoroquinolones?
ciprofloxacin = aerobic gram neg, can be used to treat intracellular pathogens
levofloxacin (levoquin) = extend spectrum to gram + bacteria, used for resp. tract infect.
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
mechanism of action
folate synthesis
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
uses
pneumocystis jirovecii infections
what is the drug of choice for strep throat?
penicillin G
What is used empirically to treat upper respiratory tract infections or in definitive therapy to treat strep?
amoxicillin
