Antibiotics for Lung Infections

Question 1

aminoglycoside

mechanism of action

Answer 1

inhibition of protein synthesis

bactericidal

Question 2

aminoglycoside

spectrum : gram? aerobic or anaerobic?

Answer 2

aerobic gram-negative bacteria

Question 3

aminoglycoside

side effects

Answer 3

nephrotoxicity

ototoxicity (tinnitus, hearing loss, vertigo)

Question 4

what are the two common types of aminoglycosides?

Answer 4

gentamicin= most commonly used aminoglycoside

tobramycin = similar properties to gentamicin. Inhaled formulation used to treat early P. Aeruginosa infections in CF

Question 5

vancomycin

mechanism of action

Answer 5

inhibition of transglycosylase and chain elongation by binding to cell wall precursors attached to a lipid carrier.

bactericidal

Question 6

is vancomycin for gram + or gram -?

Answer 6

gram-positive bacterial only

Question 7

vancomycin

uses

Answer 7

methicillin-resistant S. aureus

penicillin-resistant pneumococcal infections

Question 8

vancomycin

side effects

Answer 8

red man syndrome

extreme flushing on rapid IV infusion

Question 9

tetracyclin

mechanism of action

Answer 9

inhibition of protein synthesis

bacteriostatic

Question 10

tetracyclin

side effects

Answer 10

dental staining in children (don’t want to give to young children bc their teeth are still growing)

photo-sensitivity

Question 11

what are the two types of tetracyclines?

Answer 11

tetracyclin = older drug with shorter 1/2 life
doxyclycline = newer drug with long 1/2 life

Question 12

Macrolides

mechanism of action

Answer 12

inhibition of protein synthesis

bacteriostatic

Question 13

what type of bacteria do Macrolides kill?

Answer 13

aerobic
gram + bacteria
mycobacterium
mycoplasma

Question 14

Macrolides

side effects

Answer 14

HEART PROBLEMS
***prolongation of the QT interval!!! 
increasing risk of ventricular arrythmias
torsades de pointes 
sudden cardiac death 

Do not combine with other drugs that prolong QT interval!!!

Question 15

what are the different classes of macrolides?

Answer 15

erythromycin
clarithromycin
azithromycin

Question 16

what type of drug is erythromycin? What diseases is it used for?

Answer 16

it is a macrolide

drug of choice for treating pertussis and diptheria

Question 17

what is clarithromycin used to treat?

Answer 17

used (like azithromycin) to treat:
1 )mycobacterial infections
2) community-acquired pneumonia

Question 18

what disease does azithromycin treat?

Answer 18

***Drug of choice for treating Legionella

Question 19

fluoroquinolones

mechanism of action

Answer 19

inhibition of DNA gyrase AND topoisomerase IV (4)

bactericidal

Question 20

fluoroquinolones

side effects

Answer 20

damage to growing cartilage (don’t give to kids)
rare tendonitis with possible tendon rupture
photo-sensitivity
QT Prolongation!!!

Question 21

what are the two types of fluoroquinolones?

Answer 21

ciprofloxacin = aerobic gram neg, can be used to treat intracellular pathogens
levofloxacin (levoquin) = extend spectrum to gram + bacteria, used for resp. tract infect.

Question 22

trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

mechanism of action

Answer 22

folate synthesis

Question 23

trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

uses

Answer 23

pneumocystis jirovecii infections

Question 24

what is the drug of choice for strep throat?

Answer 24

penicillin G

Question 25

What is used empirically to treat upper respiratory tract infections or in definitive therapy to treat strep?

Answer 25

amoxicillin