upper respiratory tract infections

Question 1

what is pharyngitis

Answer 1

inflammation of pharynx +/- exudate

Question 2

causes of pharyngitis

Answer 2

viral - EBV, adenoviruses

bacteria - group A haemolytic strep

Question 3

symptoms of pharyngitis

Answer 3

sore throat + fever

if viral = +cough, + nasal congestion

if bacterial = +exudate

Question 4

whats important to rule out if you have bacterial pharyngitis

Answer 4

rheumatic fever - especially in children

Question 5

how to treat bacterial pharyngitis

Answer 5

amoxicillin

Question 6

what is sinusitis

Answer 6

inflamed mucosa of nasal cavity + nasal sinuses

Question 7

what causes sinusitis

Answer 7

mostly viral: (<10days, non purulent discharge)

sometimes bacterial: (>10 days, purulent)

Question 8

how to treat sinusitis

Answer 8

amoxicillin

Question 9

what is otitis media

Answer 9

inflamed middle ear, typically in children

Question 10

what causes otitis media

Answer 10

bacteria or viral

Question 11

how to diagnose otitis media

Answer 11

otoscopy shows inflamed erythematous tympanic membrane

Question 12

what is epiglottitis

Answer 12

inflammation of epiglotti- obstructs airways

mainly affects children under 5

Question 13

most common cause of epiglottitis

Answer 13

h influenza

Question 14

symptoms of epiglottis

Answer 14

• tripoding
• sore throat
• SOB

Question 15

How to diagnose epiglottitis

Answer 15

1. laryngoscopy - gold standard
2. lateral radiograph (x ray) - thumb print sign

Question 16

what is whooping cough

Answer 16

chronic cough caused by Bordetella pertussis - gram negatuve bacillus

mainly affects children

Question 17

how to diagnose whooping cough

Answer 17

characteristic whoop in cough

Question 18

what is croup

Answer 18

occasional complication of upper resp tract infections, particularly from parainfluenza and meazles infection

affects children under 3

Question 19

symptoms of croup

Answer 19

• hoarse voice
• barking cough
• stridor (high pitched wheezing sound)

Question 20

how to treat croup

Answer 20

single dose dexamethasone