Upper Paleolithic Cultures Flashcards
Upper Paleolithic Culture
By 40,000 yrs ago only modern human existed (Experienced megafauna hunting, emergence of art, ritual, decoration, & first domestication)
Environment (Last Ice Age)
40-10,000 yrs ago, had glaciers, & tundra zone
Doggerland (Drowned Civilization)
- Connected the British isles to continental Europe
- Was discovered by dutch fishing trawlers “doggers”
- Could walk from England to France
What type of technological development did dogger isle show?
Showed a maritime emphasis such as dugout canoes, leister, fish traps
Mammoths
- First skeleton was discovered in 1799 they were thought to be “earth moles”
- They migrated from siberia to alaska
- Mostly extinct by 10,000 yrs ago
What were the smallest type of mammoths?
Wooly mammoths
How were mammoths preserved?
Melting permafrost
What were mammoth bones used for?
- Building things such as homes
2. Use to fuel fire
Spear throwers
Used for long distance hunting
True or false mammoth bones were also used for carving, ornaments, etc
True
What is the oldest decorative ornament in europe?
Bacho Kiro, Bulgaria
Venus Figurines
Female figures (ex. Dolni Vostenice)
There was __________ all through Europe engraved & painted onto walls
Cave art
What location in Europe had 171 charcoal examples of cave art in Europe?
Chavet Pont d’Arc
What was the first domesticated species?
Dogs
Dog domestication
- Had multiple domestication episodes (Western Eurasian bottleneck & eastern Eurasian descendants)
- Wolves were the first to be domesticated & was used in mammoth hunting
Summary of things that occurred in Europe
- Megafauna & maritime adaptations
- Diversity of Art
- First domestication
Only ________ was in the new world
Homo sapiens (modern humans)
What were the 3 language groups among the modern humans?
- Amerind
- Na-Dene
- Inuit/ Aleut
Who was the first occupants of the America at the end of the ice age?
Paleoindians (subgroups are pre-Clovis, Clovis, & other Paleoindians)
Pre-Clovis :Meadowcroft Rockshelter, PA
- Happened 18,000 yrs ago
- West of Pittsburgh in 1970s (one of the first accepted pre-Clovis)
- Had the earliest domesticated crops
What was in Page -Ladson Florida?
Aucilla River which is a sinkhole underwater today
What culture was believed to be the first Americans?
Clovis Culture
Younger Dryas Impact
- Hiawatha glacier in greenland
- iron asteroid 1.5 mile diameter
- Ended the clovis
______________ only human remains associated with Clovis points
Child Clovis burial in Anzick, Montana (showed the end of the Clovis culture)
Anzick Boy DNA
Was claimed by montana groups & is closer to modern indigenous than siberian groups
Kennewick Man
Was a Paleoindian
What are some theories to how people got to America?
- Beringia Land bridge
- Coastal route
- Rogue Solutrean
Beringia Theory
- Followed megafauna across the land bridge from Russia to Ak
- Stranded after Ice age when strait was flooded
Beringia
Connected siberia to northwest america
Coastal Migration theory
People migrated using maritime technologies had rich kelp forest ecosystem along the pacific coast (kelp highway hypothesis)
Coastal Migration Expectation
- Had familiar environments
- Efficiency of travel
- Coasts occupied before inland sites
Where was a coastal route?
Monte Verde, Chile was a year round habitation site preserved in peat & preserved meat & firewood
What are some issues with the kelp highway theory?
- Sea level rise 200 ft lwoer
- Buried, submerged sites
- No signature artifacts
- Perservation
Solutrean Hypothesis
Southwest european could’ve been the first americans but wasnt much evidence to support
Highly Controversial Solutrean Theory
- Largely debunked by genetic evidence
2. Had technological similarities (Clovis & Solutrean)
Solutrean Culture
Located in southwest europe, had terrestial adaptation, & had laurel -shaped stone tools
