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Anthropology > Genus Homo > Flashcards

Genus Homo Flashcards

1
Q

The Genus Homo

A
  • Appear 2.5 million years ago
  • Concurrent existence with other hominins
  • Hubitual tool user

Hypothesis

-Descendent of australopitheeines or parallel lineage

Issues

  • Incomplete fossil record
  • Many potential species
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2
Q

Hominin Evolution (Brain Expansion)

A

In the past 2 million yrs brain size doubled then tripled

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3
Q

Why is it hard to trace evolution?

A
  • Names of speices changes
  • Traits evolving/progressing forward human evolution
  • Some traits seem primative & other seem advanced
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4
Q

Homo Habilis (“Handy Man”)

A
  • 2.8 -1.8 mya
  • Found in east & south asia
  • First tool maker
  • Larger brain
  • Sexually dimorphic
  • Height is 4”3 ft
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5
Q

Oldowan

A
  • Oldest stone tools
  • Made by homo habilis
  • Percussion flaking (Beat rock against another rock or hard surface to make sharp edges)
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6
Q

Homo Species (“Upright Man”)

A
  • 1.8 million -140,000 yrs ago
  • 1st species to leave africa
  • 1st fire user
  • More sophisticated stone tool
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7
Q

Homo erectus skeletal traits

A
  • Larger brain size than homo habilis & australopithecines
  • Smaller dentition
  • Shorter arms
  • Modern hips & legs
  • Sexually dimporphic
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8
Q

Because _________ adapted to new environment quickly & without apparent physical changes this suggest cultural rather thqan biological/evolutionary adaptions

A

Homo erectus

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9
Q

Acheulian Stone tool

A

Used by homo erectus

  • Bifacial
  • Standardized design
  • Acheulian hand axe
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10
Q

Dmansi, Georgia

A
  • Early migration site
  • Showed migration out of africa wasn’t quick or far
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11
Q

_______________ site in zhoukoudian china contains 200 homo erectus fossils

A

Peking man

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12
Q

Homo Heidelhergensis

A
  • Lived 700-200,000 yrs ago
  • Lived in Africa, Europe, &Asia
  • Possible ancestor of Homo neanderthalensis & homo sapeins
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13
Q

Atapuera Spain

A
  • Oldest secure evidence for humans in europ
  • Sima de cos auesps (pit of bones) in limestone cavern
  • 300-200,000 yrs ago
  • 2,500 bones male/female (between ages 4-35yrs old)
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14
Q

Atapuerca Gran Dolina

A
  • Juenile human remains mixed with other animals, cut, & broken
  • Early evidence of cultural cannaibalism (820,00 yrs ago)
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15
Q

Homo Naledi

A
  • Found in rising Star Cradle in south africa
  • 300,000 yrs old
  • 1,530 fossil fragments of 15 individuals
  • Well documented species in africa
  • 500 cubic centimeter cranial cavity
  • 5ft
  • Body similar australopithcines
  • Modern wrist, feet, & teeth
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16
Q

Homo floresiensis

A
  • 100 - 60,000 yrs ago
  • Indoesia island of flores
  • Similar size & height as australopithecus
17
Q

Middle palcolithilic culture (aka middle stone age)

A
  • 300-40,000 yrs
  • Mousterian stone tool user
18
Q

Mousterian Stone Tool

A
  • Named after Le Moustier rock shelter, France
  • Not core tools (Retouched flakes)
  • Levalloisian method (turtle shell pattern)
  • Evidence of hafting
19
Q

Modern Humans Homo sapiens

A

Earliest known site: Ethiopia (Omo 1), 195,000 yrs ago

20
Q

Homo neandertalensis

A
  • 400-40,000 yrs ago
  • Europe and West Asian
  • Larger brains
  • Similar height, but stockier
  • Very strenuous use of body
  • Many healed fractures
21
Q

Homo neandertalensis was wrongly assumed to be __________ & __________

A

Ape-like and primative

22
Q

Shanidar Cave

A
  • 9 Neanderthal burials found
  • Major fractures
  • Amputation
  • Pathology, arthritis, etc.
  • Survived a long time
23
Q

Denisovans

A
  • Mysterious hominin
  • Used similar tools as modern humans
  • Rare and contemporary of neanderthals and modern human
24
Q

What Happened to the Neanderthals?

A
  • Neanderthals and H. sapiens co-existed 20,000-60,000 years
  • Some evidence of inbreeding
  • No evidence of genocide so nobody murder them
  • Seem that they just couldn’t adapt well and died out
25
Q

____________ arrive in Europe by 35,000 yrs ago

A

Modern Humans

Anthropology (9 decks)

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