Upper MSK

Question 1

What are the 3 grades of soft tissue injury?

Answer 1

Grade 1: Small damage to fibres, nil disability, swelling

Grade 2: More severe mechanism, bleeding, loss of functioning

Grade 3: Division of an injured tissue, deformity, complete loss of function

Question 2

If there’s no clear mechanism of injury what should you suspect?

Answer 2

Soft tissue injury

Question 3

What is SWEADES?

Answer 3

Swelling
Sounds
Exudate
Atrophy
Deformity
Erythema
Scars

Question 4

How do we check for neurovascular compromise?

Answer 4

Sensation
Pulse
Heat

Question 5

How do we check motor function?

Answer 5

Kumars test - tests the ulnar nerve, the radial nerve and the median nerve

Do the peak hand symbol

Question 6

What are the four joints in the shoulder?

Answer 6

Sternoclavicular

Acromioclavicular

Glenohumeral

Scapulothoracic

Question 7

What are the anterior shoulder landmarks

Answer 7

Sternoclavicular joint
Clavical
AC joint
Coracoid Process

Question 8

What are the posterior shoulder landmarks?

Answer 8

Spine and boarders of the scapula

Question 9

What are the four rotator cuff muscles?

Answer 9

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

Teres Minor

Subscapularis

Question 10

What is the function of the supraspinatus?

Answer 10

Abduction

Question 11

What is the function of infraspinatus

Answer 11

External Rotation

Question 12

What is the function of the Teres Minor?

Answer 12

External rotation

Question 13

What is the function of the Subscapularis

Answer 13

Internal rotation

Question 14

What is the degree for ROM of abduction

Answer 14

0-180

Question 15

What is the degree for the ROM of internal rotation?

Answer 15

0-70

Question 16

What is the degree for the ROM for external rotation?

Answer 16

0-90

Question 17

What is the degree for the ROM of extension

Answer 17

0-60

Question 18

What is the regimental badge sign

Answer 18

Sensation for the axillary nerve on the lateral aspect of the deltoid (outer side of upper arm)

Question 19

What are some axillary nerve injury sx

Answer 19

Causes deltoid and teres minor paralysis

Loss of rounded look of shoulder

Loss of abduction (15-90 degree)

Question 20

What is adhesive capulitis

Answer 20

“Frozen Shoulder”

Unknown cause
Patients with diabetes have higher occurrence

Question 21

What are the three bones of the elbow

Answer 21

Distal Humerus

Proximal Radius

Proximal Ulna

Question 22

what are the three joints of the elbow

Answer 22

Ulnotrochlear

Capitulum

Radioulnar

Question 23

Why is pulled elbow common in kids

Answer 23

Because the annular ligament hasn’t developed strongly

Kids swinging on parents arms is the common cause

Question 24

Why is pulled elbow common in kids

Answer 24

Because the annular ligament hasn’t calcified or developed strongly

Kids swinging on parents arms is the common cause

Question 25

What is olecranon bursitis

Answer 25

Inflamed bursa (swollen elbow on tip)

If erythema occurs then ?infected

Question 26

What is a supracondylar fracture

Answer 26

Common in kids

FOOSH is common cause

It’s a fracture of the distal humerus above the epicondyles

S shape deformity

Question 27

What are Metacarpalphalangeal joints

Answer 27

Knuckles

Question 28

what are the three phalanges on hand

Answer 28

Distal phalange

Middle phalange

Proximal phalange

(in order look at 3 parts of finger)

Question 29

So Long To Pinky Here Comes The Thumb

What are all of the carpal bones of the hand (not including phalanges)

Answer 29

Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform
Hamate
Capitate
Trapezoid
Trapezium

Trapezium = thumb
Trapezoid = capitate
Triquetrum = 3

Question 30

How do you test for #scaphoid

Answer 30

Inward pushing on thumb

Pressure on the anatomical snuffbox

Question 31

What is carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 31

Compression of the median nerve

Sx: Pain , loss of sensation , swelling

Question 32

What are the two tests for carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 32

Phalans test: push wrists together (with hands facing down) and will feel pins and needles

Tinel Tap Test: Tap on the middle of the wrist next to the radial pulse location on upturned wrist

Question 33

What is the ‘Painful Arc Test’ and what does it test for?

Answer 33

Tests for rotator cuff muscle injury

Pt raises arm upward, pain will be in middle of the range of motion then will stop as arm reaches top

Question 34

What is the ‘Hawkins Test’ and what does it test for?

Answer 34

Shoulder inpingement

Place your pts injured arm on top of your arm (hold onto their healthy shoulder and rest their injured arm on yours with hand dangling).

Then bend/lower pts arm, if painful then test is positive.

Question 35

What is the empty can test and what does it test for?

Answer 35

Tests for subacromial pain in shoulder (rotator cuff injury)

Pt stretches arm out in front of them then pretends to empty can upside down.

Question 36

What is the drop arm test and what does it test for?

Answer 36

Tests for a supraspinatus tear

Raise pts arm up to their side
Let them know you will let go and want them to keep arm up, if they drop then their is a supraspinatus tear.

Question 37

What is Boutinniere deficiency?

Answer 37

Pip joint stays flexed

Looks like piano fingers

Question 38

What is swan neck deformity?

Answer 38

Deformity of the dip joint

Question 39

How do you test the digital nerves of the hand?

Answer 39

Roll a pen over pal of hand, pen shouldnt roll as there should be sweat on pts hand.