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Minor Health Illnesses and MSK > ENT > Flashcards

ENT Flashcards

1
Q

What is conductive hearing loss?

A

Sound is blocked in the external or middle ear

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2
Q

What is sensorineural hearing loss?

A

Impairment develops with damage to the
organ of Corti, (coverts stimulus into nerve
impulse) or the cranial auditory nerve (VIII)

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3
Q

How is palpation of the ear done?

A

Gently – pull on pinna and push on tragus
Gently palpate over mastoid bone (pain and swelling)

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4
Q

What is the Webers test?

A

A tuning fork test

Detects unilateral conductive hearing
loss (middle ear hearing loss) and unilateral
sensorineural hearing loss (inner ear hearing
loss

Tuning fork goes behind ear ON BONE

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5
Q

What is Rinnes test?

A

The Rinne test differentiates sound
transmitted through air conduction from
those transmitted through bone conduction
via the mastoid bone. By comparing air and
bone conduction, it helps detect conductive
hearing loss in one ear.

Tuning fork hovers in air, not on bone

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6
Q

What is an Auricular Haematoma?

A

When blood accumulates in the sub perichondral
space and results in decreased blood flow,
cartilaginous necrosis and infection

Needs essential management

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7
Q

What is mastoiditis?

A

Infection and inflammation of the mastoid air cells –
* Pus formation
* Can cause bone necrosis

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8
Q

What is cerumen?

A

Ear wax

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9
Q

What should we do with FBOs in ear?

A

Leave them, do not attempt to remove

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10
Q

What is Otitis Externa?

A

Inflammation of the external
auditory canal

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11
Q

What is the difference between childrens ears and adult ears?

A

The Eustachian tubes, are at more of a horizontal angle, than those of adults.

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12
Q

What is Otitis Media?

A

The presence of inflammation in the middle ear
associated with an effusion.

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13
Q

What is Labyrinthitis?

A

An Infection that causes inflammation in the
inner ear

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14
Q

What are some symptoms of Labyrinthitis?

A

-Dizziness
-Nausea and Vomiting
-Loss of hearing (sensorineural)
-Vertigo – illusion of movement is constant and on-going
-Loss of balance
-Tinnitus

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15
Q

What are some signs and symtoms of a Temporal Bone Fracture?

A

-bloody discharge from the ear
-blood in the middle ear
-Dizziness / vertigo
-altered eye movement
-paralysis of the facial muscles

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16
Q

What is Acoustic Neuroma?

A

An acoustic neuroma is a rare, slow-growing tumour that presses on the
hearing and balance nerves.
It’s treatable and it’s benign, which means it is not cancerous.

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17
Q

What are some symptoms of acoustic neuroma?

A

-Unilateral Deafness.
-Tinnitus
-Occasional Vertigo
-Ataxia
-Persistant numbness
-Occasional dysphagia

18
Q

What is Bells Palsy?

A

Acute unilateral facial nerve caused by swelling of
the facial nerve in the facial canal resulting in lower
motor neurone paralysis

19
Q

What are some symptoms of Bells Palsy?

A
  • Sharp pain in inner ear
  • Impaired or altered sense of taste
  • Sensitivity to loud noise
  • Inability to close eye on affected side.
  • Dysphasia
20
Q

What are all of he paranasal sinuses?

A

Frontal sinuses
Ethmoid air cells
Eye sockets
Sphenoid sinuses
Maxillary sinuses

21
Q

What is Sinusitis?

A

Sinus infection

22
Q

What is Glandular Fever?

A
  • An infectious disease caused by a virus called Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).
  • Sometimes called the ‘kissing disease’ because the virus is spread through saliva and
    commonly affects teenagers and young adults.
  • Symptoms of glandular fever, typically appear 4 to 8 weeks after being infected with
    EBV,
23
Q

What are some symptoms of glandular fever?

A

-sore throat, which can be severe;
-enlarged lymph nodes (glands), usually in the neck;
-fever;
-tiredness;
-swollen tonsils;
-headaches
-muscle aches.

24
Q

What is Pharyngitis?

A

Inflammation of the mucous membranes of
the oropharynx

25
Q

What are some symptoms of Pharyngitis?

A

-Acute Onset of sore throat
- Important to note - No cough, no Nasal Congestion or discharge (indicates a
bacterial aetiology

26
Q

What is Quinsy (Peritonsillar Abscess)?

A

accumulation of pus due to an infection behind the tonsil.

27
Q

What are some symptoms of Quinsy (Peritonsillar Abscess)?

A
  • Severe sore throat
  • Pyrexia
  • Drooling
  • Foul smelling breath
  • Trismus
  • Uvula deviation
28
Q

What is the management of a Post Tonsillectomy Bleed?

A
  • All Patients with PTB need to be assessed urgently
  • Patients will be admitted for monitoring.
  • Sit patient up
  • Encourage to spit blood out
  • IV access and fluid resuscitate
  • TXA
  • (stem the bleeding) – will need specialist support
  • NBM
  • Consider Airway management.
29
Q

What is epiglottitis?

A

Inflammation of the Epiglottis

30
Q

What are some symptoms of Epiglottitis?

A

-High Respiratory Rate
-Difficulty in Breathing (Tripod Positioning)
-Inspiratory Stridor with normal pharynx
-Inability to swallow secretions
-Sore Throat
-High Temperature

31
Q

What is the paramedic management of epiglottitis?

A

-Transfer to an appropriate ED urgently
- Urgent Airway assessment
- Cautious examination of the mouth/throat (risk of laryngeal spasm)
- Administer humifdified oxygen
- Nil by mouth
- Early Intubation
- Steroids
- IVABx

32
Q

What is Ludwigs Angina?

A

Ludwig angina is life-threatening cellulitis of the soft tissue involving the
floor of the mouth and neck.

33
Q

What is paramedic management of ludwigs angina?

A
  • Transfer urgently
  • Examine mouth cautiously
  • NBM
  • Secure Airway Early
  • Rapid progression is common
  • Respiratory Distress (25%)
  • +/- tracheostomy
34
Q

What is Hereditary Angioedema?

A

Rare inherited disorder characterised by recurrent episodes of the accumulation of fluids outside of the blood vessels, blocking the normal flow of blood or lymphatic fluid and
causing rapid swelling of tissues in the hands, feet, limbs, face, intestinal tract, or airway.

35
Q

How is Hereditary Angioedema treated by paramedics?

A

IMPORTANT - adrenaline and antihistamines wont work

Only:

C1 Esterase Inhibitor
and
TXA

36
Q

What is Carotid Blowout?

A

Carotid blowout syndrome (CBS) refers to rupture of the carotid artery

37
Q

What are the causes of carotid blowout?

A
  • Radiotherapy
  • Direct tumour Invasion
  • Surgery
  • Trauma

Head and neck cancer is a common cause

38
Q

What are some causes of conductive hearing loss?

A

Wax
FB
Scar tissue

39
Q

What are some causes of sensorineural hearing loss?

A

Infection
Head trauma
Ototoxic drugs (aspirin, furosemide, some abx)
Loud noises
Age
Congenital

40
Q

What is nystagmus?

A

Uncontrolled, erratic movement of eye

41
Q

What does pain on palpation of tragus usually indicate?

A

Otitis media

42
Q

What is hereditary angioedema?

A

Bradykinin angioedma

Bradykinin is a peptide that promotes inflammation.

C1 is a inhibitor that stops inflammation.

This will occur when the is small C1 inhibitor amounts/

Minor Health Illnesses and MSK (9 decks)

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