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Minor Health Illnesses and MSK > Lower MSK > Flashcards

Lower MSK Flashcards

1
Q

What is sciatica

A

Irritation to the sciatic nerve

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2
Q

Cause of sciatica?

A

Result of irritation of the nerve and not injury

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3
Q

Sciatica symptoms

A

Unilateral pain that radiates below the knee to the foot

Pain is more severe than the back pain

Numbness, parathesia, weakness, loss of tendon reflex

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4
Q

What does TUNAFISH mean and what is it used for?

A

Trauma
Unexplained weight loss
Neurological symptoms
Age< 20, >50
Fever
IV drug misuse
Steroid use
History of cancer

RED FLAGS FOR BACK PAIN

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5
Q

what does trendelenburg sign mean?

A

Trendelenburg’s sign is found in people with weak or paralyzed abductor muscles of the hip

Look like they’re standing on one side of leg

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6
Q

What is an antalgic gait?

A

Painful gait

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7
Q

What is bursitis

A

Bursitis is often caused by repetitive movement or an injury. It can lead to painful swelling of a joint.

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8
Q

what are the 4 most important ligaments of the knee

A

Anterior cruciate ligament
Posterior cruciate ligament
Lateral collateral ligament
Medial collateral ligament

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9
Q

what is the ballottement test?

A

to test ballottement the examiner would apply downward pressure towards the foot with one hand, while pushing the patella backwards against the femur with one finger of the opposite hand.

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10
Q

what is bakers cyst

A

A Baker’s cyst, also known as a popliteal cyst, is a type of fluid collection behind the knee. Often there are no symptoms. If symptoms do occur these may include swelling and pain behind the knee, or knee stiffness. If the cyst breaks open, pain may significantly increase with swelling of the calf

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11
Q

what is the longest and widest nerve in the human body?

A

Sciatic Nerve

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12
Q

What are the knee landmarks?

A

Distal head of femur
Fibular head
Patella
Tibia head
Lateral collateral ligament
Medial collateral ligament
Anterior cruciate ligament
Posterior cruciate ligament
Meniscous
Patella ligament

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13
Q

What are the hip landmarks

A

Iliac crests
Greater trocanter
Lesser trocanter
Saccrum
Femoral Pulse
Neck of Femur

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14
Q

What are the ankle/foot landmarks

A

Distal head of tibia
Distal head of fibia
Medial + Lateral melleous
Anterior talofibular ligament
Posterior talofibular ligament
Calcaneofibular ligament
Deltoid ligament
Base of 5th metatarsel
Proxima; fibular head
Metatarsels

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15
Q

What is the Anterior/Posterior drawer test and what does it test for?

A

To test for ACL/PCL tear.

Pt lays supine with leg bent
Sit on pts foot
Pull knee toward you (ACL)
Push knee away from you (PCL)

There should be no pain or laxity

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16
Q

What is the Lachman’s test and what does it test for?

A

To test for ACL rupture

Pt lays supine
Put your leg/knee under their knee so that pts leg is resting bent on yours
Pull just under knee toward you to test for laxity in the knee. If there is too much laxity and no firm end point of laxity then ACL can be injured.

17
Q

What is the Varus/Valgus stress test and what does it test for?

A

To test for MCL/LCL injury

Pt lays supine
Put one hand on ankle and one hand on pts thing
Pull ankle laterally keeping the knee still.
Pull ankle medially keeping the knee still.

18
Q

What is the McMurray’s test/Teardrop and what does it test for?

A

To test for meniscal tear
Pt lays supine
Bend pts leg at 90 degrees in air
Rest pts foot on your forearm
Extend and bend pts leg, repeat a couple times at different angles

19
Q

What is the Apley test and what does it test for?

A

To test for meniscal tear

Lay pt on stomach
Bend leg at 90 degrees
Laterally and medially rotate the knee, holding the ankle with both hands.

20
Q

What is the Patella apprehension test and what does it test for?

A

To test for tendon laxity (patella dislocation)

Lay pt supine
Put pressure laterally on patella
Then bend pts leg 90degress and extend a few times

To test positive on this test, pts knee shouldnt hurt but should have strange sensation.

21
Q

What is the Ottawa knee rule?

A

To indicate whether a pt needs an xray with a knee injury

Over 55 yrs old
Inability to weight bare
Tenderness of the patella
Inability to bend knee 90 degrees

22
Q

What is haemarthrosis?

A

Bleeding into the knee joint cavity

23
Q

What is the Simmonds Test and what does it test for?

A

To test for a ruptured achilles heel

Get pt to kneel on a chair
Squeeze each calf
Foot should move a little bit when you squeeze the calf, no movement suggests achilles tear.

24
Q

What is the ottawa ankle/foot rule?

A

Rule to see if pt needs xray on foot

Tenderness of base of 5th metatarsel
Navicular tenderness
Tenderness of the lateral and medial mallolus
Inability to weight bare

Minor Health Illnesses and MSK (9 decks)

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