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Anatomy 2 > Upper limbs nerves and vessels > Flashcards

Upper limbs nerves and vessels Flashcards

1
Q

Where does most of the upper limb blood supply come from?

A

SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY

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2
Q

What does the subclavian artery turn into?

A

Passes under the clavicle and turns into the AXILLARY artery

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3
Q

What are the branches coming of the axillary artery?

A

ANTERIOR and POSTERIOR CIRUMFLEX HUMERAL ARTERIES - encircle the superior part of the shaft of the humerus just inferior to the shoulder joint which they supply

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4
Q

Which artery is the main supply to the arm?

A

Brachial artery

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5
Q

Which is the largest branch of the brachial artery?

A

PROFUNDA BRACHII artery

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6
Q

What does anastomosis mean?

A

linking up of arteries

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7
Q

Describe the arteries around the scapula?

A

lots of them and they anastomosis to ensure an efficient and constant supply

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8
Q

Where does the radial and ulnar arteries emerge from??

A

the BRACHIAL ARTERY when it crosses the elbow divides into the radial and ulnar arteries

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9
Q

Which side is the radial and ulnar artery on?

A

Radial-lateral

Ulnar-medial

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10
Q

What artery does the ulnar artery branch into?

A

INTEROSSEOUS, which then immediately branches into the ANTERIOR and POSTERIOR INTEROSSEOUS

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11
Q

Where does the interosseous artery flow?

A

Anterior- runs distally on the anterior surface of the INTEROSSEOUS MEMBRANE

Posterior-pierces the superior region of the interosseous membrane and then passes distally on its posterior side

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12
Q

Where is the interosseous membrane?

A

between the radius and ulnar

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13
Q

What happens to the large arteries of the forearm?

A

Pass to the wrist and then the hand

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14
Q

Describe the arteries of the wrist?

A

form ARTERIAL ARCHES:

PALMER ARCHES(superficial and deep)- formed from the radial and ulnar artery and the anterior interosseous

DORSAL CARPAL ARCH- on the posterior aspect of the wrist and hand, formed from the posterior interosseous artery and radial artery

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15
Q

What do the arches of the wrist supply?

A

local tissus

have branches coming of that supply the digits, palmar and dorsal digital arteries

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16
Q

What are the upper and lower limbs innervated by?

A

upper- Brachial plexus

lowe-lumbar-sacral plexus

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17
Q

What are the peripheral nerves of the brachial plexus?

A

Come from the terminal branches

Muculucutaneous
Axillary
Radial
Medianulnar

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18
Q

Which cord does the musculataneous branch come from and what does it supply?

A
  • Lateral cord of the brachial plexus

- supplies the muscle and the skin

19
Q

Describe where the musculataneous nerve travels and innervates?

A

axillary region-> anterior arm(piercing the CORACOBRACHIALIS as it does)->branches from it then supply BRICEPS and BRACHIALIS MUSCLES-> one branch (LATERAL CUTANEOUS NERVE) crosses the elbow to innervate LATERAL FOREARM

Does not supply any muscles in the forearm or hand

20
Q

What cord does the Ulnar nerve come from?

A

Medial cord of the brachial plexus

21
Q

Describe where the ulnar nerve travels and innervates?

A

axilla-> MEDAIL aspect of arm(gives of no significant branches here so no innervation here)->crosses the elbow by passing posteriorly to the MEDIAL EPICONDYLE of the HUMERUS-> branches to 2 of to innervate the FLEXOR CARPI and medial half of the FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS->bulk of the nerves pass distally crossing the rest at its ANTEROLATERAL ASPECT, entering the hand->innervates intrinsic muscles (including muscles of the HYPOEMINECE, 2 MEDIA LUMBRICALS, and a region of cutaneous (Skin) innervation(including little finger and middle half of the ring finger)

22
Q

What are the 2 Media lumbricals?

A

Palmer interossei

Dorsal interossei

23
Q

Which cord does the medial nerve come from?

A

Lateral and medial cord

24
Q

Describe where the media nerve travels and innervates?

A

xilla->run medially in the arm->does not give off any significant branches in the arm->crosses the elbow joint into the forearm which supplies most of the anterior muscles(excluding the ones innervated by the ulnar nerve)->nerve crosses the wrist and enters the hand through the CARPAL TUNNEL->supplies the THENAR EMINENCE MUSCLES and later 2 lumbricals and a large part of the skin and 3.5 digits

25
Q

What cord does the axillary and radial nerve come from?

A

Both from the posterior

26
Q

Describe where the axillary nerve travels and innervates?

A

passes laterally under the shoulder joint->meet the deep surface of the DELTOID MUSCLE and innervates-> branches called the Upper lateral cutaneous nerve pierce muscle to supply skin in that region

27
Q

Describe where the radial nerve travels and innervates?

A

Axilla->arm->branches to triceps muscle and passes distillate running in the RADIAL GROOVE of the humerus -> approaches the elbow and passes anteriorly to the LATERAL EPICONDYLE of the HUMERUS where it divides to give superficial and deep branches->superficial branch(entirely sensory) supplies skin at the back of the hand(posteral lateral region) -> deep branch passes distally in the posterior proximal forearm supplies the motor innervation to the posterior forearm muscles.

28
Q

summarise the innervation in the hand?

A

ULNAR and MEDIAN nerve enter the anterior aspect of the hand

ULNAR-supplies the the medial 1.5 digits

MEDIAN-supplies the lateral 3.5 digits

29
Q

What are the types of venous return in the limbs?

A

DEEP-accompanying the arteries

SUPERFICIAL-on the surface of the limb

30
Q

What are the names of the deep veins of the upper limbs?

A

Same as the names as the arteries of the upper limbs, as they pass side by side but in opposite direction:

  • AXILLARY VEIN
  • SUBCLAVIAN VEIN
  • BRACHIAL VEIN
  • ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR CIRCUMFLES HUMERAL VEIN
  • PROFUNDA BRACHII VEIN
  • RADIAL AND ULNAR VEINS
  • POSTERIOR INTERCOSSEOUS VEIN
31
Q

What are Venae comitantes?

A

(deep vein structure) veins which accompany arteries as groups of smaller veins instead of a single vein

  • this is true for all the veins of the upper limbs
  • they are usually in pairs but sometimes in groups of 3 or 4 and tend to be connected by smaller veins
32
Q

What is the purpose of the arrangementt of the Venae comitante
?

A

-the arrangement means the vessels are intimately associated and it is believed that the pulsations of the arteries squeeze the veins which helps increase their venous return
-allows blood that has been cooled by the extremities to be warmed on its way back to the trunk
-

33
Q

What is the general pattern of superficial venous return?

A

small veins in the digits drain into the superficial venous network on the dorsal of the hand, which at the wrist forms 2 large veins )Basilic and Distal) run Proximally(up) the limb.

34
Q

What 2 large superficial veins form at the wrist?

A

CEPHALIC VEIN- runs laterally

BASILIC VEIN- runs medially

35
Q

Where do the Cephalic and Basilic veins connect?

A

In the ELBOW region ANTERIOR to the CUBITAL FOSSA they are connected via a vein

36
Q

What is the vein that connects the Cephalic and Basilic vein used for?

A

Venapuncture to take blood - not always present or may be very narrow, in this case the Cephalic and Basilic veins are used

37
Q

Where does the Basilic vein travel after entering the arm?

A

Pierces the fascia to go deep and joins the venae comintantes of the BRACHIAL VEINS and forms the LARGE AXILLARY VEIN

38
Q

what forms the large axillary vein?

A

venae comintanates of the Brachial veins +Basilic vein

39
Q

Where does the cephalic vein enter once it enters the arm?

A

continues to pass along the lateral aspect of the arm ->passes between the DELTOID AND PECTORAL muscles where it pierces local fascia to drain into the Axillar vein(just before this vein passes under the clavicle and becomes the subclavian)

40
Q

Where are the lymphatic vessels?

A

Runs with the veins and most organs and tissues

41
Q

What ae the 2 regions of the lymph nodes associated with the upper limb?

A
  • a small group in the CUBITAL FOSSA

- number of larger groups in the AXILLA

42
Q

Where do the cubital lymph nodes receive drainage rom?

A

mainly from the distal limb that is the hand and the forearm

43
Q

Where does the axillary lymph nodes receive drainage from?

A

most of the limb and also the breast

Anatomy 2 (15 decks)

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