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Anatomy 2 > Bronchi, pleura, lungs and diaphragm > Flashcards

Bronchi, pleura, lungs and diaphragm Flashcards

1
Q

What is the carina?

A

hook on the Lowest cartilage ring of the trachea

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2
Q

What are the names of the 2 laryngeal cartilages?

A

THYROID cartilage

CRICOID cartilage

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3
Q

Where does the trachea extend from?

A

The laryngeal cartilages

-fromt eh vertebral level C6 To T4/5

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4
Q

What is the difference between the left and right bronchi?

How is this relevant?

A

right is wider and more vertical than the left

-relevant because inhaled objects can often descend into the right main bronchus rather than left and therefore end up in the right lung

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5
Q

At what level of the spine are the bronchi formed?

A

T4/5

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6
Q

What does the main bronchus divide into?

A

LOBAR or SECONDARY bronchi

-formed in the substance of the lungs

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7
Q

What do the lobar do?

A

supply the lobes of the lungs

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8
Q

What do the lobar divide into?

A

SEGMENTAL or TERTIARY BRONCHI

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9
Q

What do the Segmentals supply?

A

the bronchopulmonary segments

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10
Q

What are the bronchopulmonary segments and how many are there?

A

-each lung ins divided into these segments- they are the smallest functionally independent regions of the lungs

There are 10 on each side

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11
Q

What is the apex of the lung and where is it situated?

A

the top of the lung

-situated 3-4 cm above level of the first costal cartilage(just above the clavicle)

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12
Q

WHere does the base of the lung rest?

A
  • bottom of the lung

- on the convex surface of the diaphragm

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13
Q

What are the names of the 3 borders and 3 surfaces of the lungs?

A

borders- anterior, posterior, inferior

surfaces-costal(closest to the ribs), Medial surface(mediastinal surface), inferior(diaphragmatic)

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14
Q

What does the diaphragm act as a border between?

A
  • seperates the right lung from the right lobe of the liver

- seperates the left lung from the left lobe of the liver, stomach and spleen

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15
Q

What are the general features of the mediastinal surface of the lungs?

A

Posterior part-in contact with the thoracic vertebrae

Anterior part- deeply concave and accomodates the heart in cardiac depression

Hilum-above and behind the cardiac impression. This is the point at which the vessels and airways and nerves leave the mediastinum

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16
Q

Why is the cardiac impression bigger on the left lung than the right?

A

because of the positioning of the heart(more heart on the left of the body)

17
Q

What is the hilum?

A

where the bronchi, arteries, veins, and nerves enter and exit the lungs.

18
Q

What are the lobes of the left lung?

A

Superior and inferior

19
Q

What seperates the lobes of the left lung?

A

oblique fissure

20
Q

What are the lobes of the right lung?

A

superior, middle, inferior

21
Q

What seperates the lobes of the right lung?

A

Oblique fissure-separates the inferior lobes form the other two lobes

Horizontal fissure-seperates the superior and middle lobe

22
Q

Which lung is usually slightly bigger?

A

right

23
Q

What does the root (Hilum) of the lung connect?

A

the mediastinal surface tot he heart and the trachea(via the vessels and bronchi)

24
Q

What structures enter or leave the hilum?

A
  • principle/primary bronchi
  • pulmonary artery
  • two pulmonary veins
  • bronchial arteries-transporting oxygenated blood from the descending aorta and veins
  • autonomic nerves, lymph vessels and nodes(all enveloped in pleural)
25
Q

What does the azygous vein do?

A

drain the posterior wall of the chest

26
Q

What is the pleura?

A

Thin layer of flattened cells supported by connective tissue that lines each pleural cavity and covers the exterior of the lungs

27
Q

What are the 2 layers of the pleura?

A

Visceral pleura-covers surface lungs and lines fissures between the lobes

Parietal pleura-lines the inner surface of the chest walls

28
Q

What is the natural state of the pleural cavity when healthy?

A

COLLAPSED

-but the moist sufaces allow the lungs to glide as they expand during inspiration and collapse during expiration

Anatomy 2 (15 decks)

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