Bronchi, pleura, lungs and diaphragm Flashcards
What is the carina?
hook on the Lowest cartilage ring of the trachea
What are the names of the 2 laryngeal cartilages?
THYROID cartilage
CRICOID cartilage
Where does the trachea extend from?
The laryngeal cartilages
-fromt eh vertebral level C6 To T4/5
What is the difference between the left and right bronchi?
How is this relevant?
right is wider and more vertical than the left
-relevant because inhaled objects can often descend into the right main bronchus rather than left and therefore end up in the right lung
At what level of the spine are the bronchi formed?
T4/5
What does the main bronchus divide into?
LOBAR or SECONDARY bronchi
-formed in the substance of the lungs
What do the lobar do?
supply the lobes of the lungs
What do the lobar divide into?
SEGMENTAL or TERTIARY BRONCHI
What do the Segmentals supply?
the bronchopulmonary segments
What are the bronchopulmonary segments and how many are there?
-each lung ins divided into these segments- they are the smallest functionally independent regions of the lungs
There are 10 on each side
What is the apex of the lung and where is it situated?
the top of the lung
-situated 3-4 cm above level of the first costal cartilage(just above the clavicle)
WHere does the base of the lung rest?
- bottom of the lung
- on the convex surface of the diaphragm
What are the names of the 3 borders and 3 surfaces of the lungs?
borders- anterior, posterior, inferior
surfaces-costal(closest to the ribs), Medial surface(mediastinal surface), inferior(diaphragmatic)
What does the diaphragm act as a border between?
- seperates the right lung from the right lobe of the liver
- seperates the left lung from the left lobe of the liver, stomach and spleen
What are the general features of the mediastinal surface of the lungs?
Posterior part-in contact with the thoracic vertebrae
Anterior part- deeply concave and accomodates the heart in cardiac depression
Hilum-above and behind the cardiac impression. This is the point at which the vessels and airways and nerves leave the mediastinum
Why is the cardiac impression bigger on the left lung than the right?
because of the positioning of the heart(more heart on the left of the body)
What is the hilum?
where the bronchi, arteries, veins, and nerves enter and exit the lungs.
What are the lobes of the left lung?
Superior and inferior
What seperates the lobes of the left lung?
oblique fissure
What are the lobes of the right lung?
superior, middle, inferior
What seperates the lobes of the right lung?
Oblique fissure-separates the inferior lobes form the other two lobes
Horizontal fissure-seperates the superior and middle lobe
Which lung is usually slightly bigger?
right
What does the root (Hilum) of the lung connect?
the mediastinal surface tot he heart and the trachea(via the vessels and bronchi)
What structures enter or leave the hilum?
- principle/primary bronchi
- pulmonary artery
- two pulmonary veins
- bronchial arteries-transporting oxygenated blood from the descending aorta and veins
- autonomic nerves, lymph vessels and nodes(all enveloped in pleural)
What does the azygous vein do?
drain the posterior wall of the chest
What is the pleura?
Thin layer of flattened cells supported by connective tissue that lines each pleural cavity and covers the exterior of the lungs
What are the 2 layers of the pleura?
Visceral pleura-covers surface lungs and lines fissures between the lobes
Parietal pleura-lines the inner surface of the chest walls
What is the natural state of the pleural cavity when healthy?
COLLAPSED
-but the moist sufaces allow the lungs to glide as they expand during inspiration and collapse during expiration
