Upper limbs

Question 1

Describe the humerus (11)

Answer 1

Head
Neck
Greater tubercle
Lesser tubercle
Deltoid tuberosity
Medial epicondyle
Lateral epicondyle
Capitulum
Coronoid fossa
Trochea 
Olecranon fossa

Question 2

What muscle can be paralysed and what is the subsequent region of paralysis called following dislocation of the shoulder?

Answer 2

Deltoid muscle (axillary nerve damage)
Regemental badge distribution

Question 3

What muscles are involved in the retraction of the scapula? (2)

Answer 3

Mid portion of trapezius

Rhomboid muscles

Question 4

What muscles are involved in the abduction of the arm? (3)

Answer 4

Supraspinatus (15 degrees)
Deltoid (15-90 degrees)
Trapezius + serratus anterior (>90 degrees)

Question 5

What muscle elevates/ lifts the scapula?

Answer 5

Levator scapulae superioris

Question 6

What muscles are involved in adduction of the arm? (3)

Answer 6

Pectoralis major
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major

Question 7

What innervates deltoid muscle?

Answer 7

Axillary nerve

Question 8

What innervates latissimus dorsi?

Answer 8

Thoracodorsal nerve

Question 9

What innervates trapezius?

Answer 9

Accessory nerve (CN XI)

Question 10

Damage to what nerve (in chest, breast, axillary surgeries) and thus what muscle causes winging of the scapula?

Answer 10

Long thoracic nerve (C5, 6, 7)

Serratus anterior muscle

Question 11

What are the rotator cuff muscles?

Answer 11

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Subscapularis
Teres minor

Question 12

What is the action of serratus anterior?

Answer 12

Protraction of the scapula

Question 13

What are the antagonists to serratus anterior?

Answer 13

Trapezius

Rhomboid muscles

Question 14

What roots give rise to the upper trunk?

Answer 14

C5

C6

Question 15

What roots give rise to the middle trunk?

Answer 15

C7

Question 16

What roots give rise to the lower trunk?

Answer 16

C8

T1

Question 17

What are the three cords of the brachial plexus?

Answer 17

Lateral cord
Posterior cord
Medial cord

Question 18

Which cord gives rise the radial nerve?

Answer 18

Posterior cord

Question 19

Which cord gives rise to axillary nerve?

Answer 19

Posterior cord

Question 20

Which cord gives rise to the musculocutaneous nerve?

Answer 20

Lateral cord

Question 21

Which cord gives rise to the median nerve?

Answer 21

Lateral and medial cords

Question 22

Which cord gives rise to the ulnar nerve?

Answer 22

Medial cord

Question 23

Which chords gives rise to the median nerve?

Answer 23

Lateral cord

Medial cord

Question 24

What forms the M shape of the brachial plexus?

Answer 24

Lateral to medial:
Musculocutaneous nerve
Median nerve
Ulnar nerve

Question 25

The root of the brachial plexus arise from behind where?

Answer 25

Scalenus anterior muscle

Question 26

Describe the path of the subclavian vessels

Answer 26

@ outer border of 1st rib: subclavian vessels becomes the axillary vessels
@ lower border of teres major: axillary vessels becomes brachial A/ basilic V

Question 27

What muscles does the musculocutaneous nerve run between?

Answer 27

Biceps

Brachialis

Question 28

Describe the superficial venous drainage of the arm

Answer 28

Cephalic V (lateral forearm) + basilar V (medial) join at antecubital fossa = basilar vein
Axillary V
Subclavian V

Question 29

Describe the deep venous drainage of the arm

Answer 29

Radial V (lateral forearm) + ulnar V (medial) join = brachial V
Brachial V joins the axillary V
Subclavian V

Question 30

Describe the path of the arteries of the arm

Answer 30

Subclavian A
Axillary A
Brachial A
Radial A + ulnar A

Question 31

What does musculocutaneous nerve supply?

Answer 31

Anterior compartment of arm

Question 32

What are the pulse points of the body?

Answer 32

Radial A on forearm