Upper limbs Flashcards
Describe the humerus (11)
Head Neck Greater tubercle Lesser tubercle Deltoid tuberosity Medial epicondyle Lateral epicondyle Capitulum Coronoid fossa Trochea Olecranon fossa
What muscle can be paralysed and what is the subsequent region of paralysis called following dislocation of the shoulder?
Deltoid muscle (axillary nerve damage) Regemental badge distribution
What muscles are involved in the retraction of the scapula? (2)
Mid portion of trapezius
Rhomboid muscles
What muscles are involved in the abduction of the arm? (3)
Supraspinatus (15 degrees)
Deltoid (15-90 degrees)
Trapezius + serratus anterior (>90 degrees)
What muscle elevates/ lifts the scapula?
Levator scapulae superioris
What muscles are involved in adduction of the arm? (3)
Pectoralis major
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major
What innervates deltoid muscle?
Axillary nerve
What innervates latissimus dorsi?
Thoracodorsal nerve
What innervates trapezius?
Accessory nerve (CN XI)
Damage to what nerve (in chest, breast, axillary surgeries) and thus what muscle causes winging of the scapula?
Long thoracic nerve (C5, 6, 7)
Serratus anterior muscle
What are the rotator cuff muscles?
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Subscapularis
Teres minor
What is the action of serratus anterior?
Protraction of the scapula
What are the antagonists to serratus anterior?
Trapezius
Rhomboid muscles
What roots give rise to the upper trunk?
C5
C6
What roots give rise to the middle trunk?
C7
What roots give rise to the lower trunk?
C8
T1
What are the three cords of the brachial plexus?
Lateral cord
Posterior cord
Medial cord
Which cord gives rise the radial nerve?
Posterior cord
Which cord gives rise to axillary nerve?
Posterior cord
Which cord gives rise to the musculocutaneous nerve?
Lateral cord
Which cord gives rise to the median nerve?
Lateral and medial cords
Which cord gives rise to the ulnar nerve?
Medial cord
Which chords gives rise to the median nerve?
Lateral cord
Medial cord
What forms the M shape of the brachial plexus?
Lateral to medial:
Musculocutaneous nerve
Median nerve
Ulnar nerve
The root of the brachial plexus arise from behind where?
Scalenus anterior muscle
Describe the path of the subclavian vessels
@ outer border of 1st rib: subclavian vessels becomes the axillary vessels
@ lower border of teres major: axillary vessels becomes brachial A/ basilic V
What muscles does the musculocutaneous nerve run between?
Biceps
Brachialis
Describe the superficial venous drainage of the arm
Cephalic V (lateral forearm) + basilar V (medial) join at antecubital fossa = basilar vein
Axillary V
Subclavian V
Describe the deep venous drainage of the arm
Radial V (lateral forearm) + ulnar V (medial) join = brachial V
Brachial V joins the axillary V
Subclavian V
Describe the path of the arteries of the arm
Subclavian A
Axillary A
Brachial A
Radial A + ulnar A
What does musculocutaneous nerve supply?
Anterior compartment of arm
What are the pulse points of the body?
Radial A on forearm
