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Anatomy > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

3 main sulci of the brain?

A

Longitudinal fissure
Lateral/ Sylvian fissure
Central sulcus

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2
Q

What structures make the brainstem?

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

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3
Q

What is the operculum?

A

Lines the lateral sulcus

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4
Q

What does the precentral gyrus contain?

A

Motor cortex

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5
Q

What does the postcentral gyrus contain?

A

Somatosensory cortex

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6
Q

What are the meninges?

A

Dura
Arachnoid
Pia

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7
Q

What forms the venous sinuses?

A

Ares where the endosteal and meningeal layers of dura are separated

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8
Q

What does the falx cerebri do?

A

Sits between L&R hemispheres

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9
Q

Whats does tentorium cerebelli do?

A

Sits between occipital lobe and cerebellum

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10
Q

What does falx cerebelli do?

A

Sits between two lobes of cerebellum

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11
Q

How is CSF reabsorbed? (2)

A
  • Through subarachnoid granulations/ villi and into venous circulation
  • Drains along nerves into lymphatics
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12
Q

Functions of the dura?

A

Mechanical: stops brain moving around in skull

Forms venous sinuses

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13
Q

What a are the 3 main cranical fossa?

A
  • anterior cranial fossa
  • middle cranial fossa
  • posterior cranial fossa
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14
Q

What drains into the confluence of the sinuses?

A

Superior sagittal sinus

Straight sinus

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15
Q

What is the straight sinus a continuation of?

A

Inferior sagittal sinus

Great cerebral vein

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16
Q

What is the path of the sinuses from the confluence of sinuses?

A

Transverse sinus
Sigmoid sinus
Internal jugular vein

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17
Q

What structures does the cavernous sinus contain?

A 
[O TOM CAT]
Oculomotor nerve
Trochlear nerve
Ophthalmic division of trigeminal 
Maxillary division of trigeminal
Carotid (Internal)
Abducens
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18
Q

Why is the cavernous sinus important?

A

It’s a potential route of infection into the brain

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19
Q

A stroke in which circulation (ant./post.) can cause cranial nerve involvement?

A

Posterior circulation (supplies the brainstem)

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20
Q

Which arteries supply the cerebellum?

A

SuCA - superior cerebellar artey
AICA - anterior inferior cerebellar artery
PICA - posterior inferior cerbellar artery

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21
Q

What passes through the ethmoid foramen? (3)

A

Ethmoidal artery
Ethmoidal vein
Olfactory nerve

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22
Q

What passes through the optic canal? (2)

A

Ophthalmic artery

Optic tract

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23
Q

What passes through the superior orbital fissure? (5)

A 
CN's 3, 4, 5.1, and 6
Oculomotor nerve
Trochlear nerve
Ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve
Abducens nerve
Superior ophthalmic vein
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24
Q

What passes through foramen rotundum? (1)

A

Maxillary division of trigeminal nerve

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25
Q

What passes through foramen ovale? (1)

A

Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve

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26
Q

What passes through foramen spinosum? (1)

A

Middle meningeal artery

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27
Q

What passes through internal acoustic meatus? (3)

A

Facial nerve
Vestibulocochlear nerve
Labyrinthine artery

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28
Q

What passes through the jugular foramen? (4)

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve
Vagus
Accessory nerve
Internal jugular vein

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29
Q

What passes through foramen magnum? (1)

A

Vertebral arteries

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30
Q

What passes through the hypoglossal canal? (1)

A

Hypoglossal nerve

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31
Q

Where does the anterior horn of the lateral ventricles sit?

A

In frontal lobe

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32
Q

Where does the posterior horn of the lateral ventricles sit?

A

In occipital lobe

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33
Q

Where does the inferior horn of the lateral ventricles sit?

A

In temporal bone

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34
Q

What connects the lateral and 3rd ventricles?

A

Interventricular foramen (of Monro)

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35
Q

What connects the 3rd and 4th ventricle?

A

Cerebral aqueduct

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36
Q

What’s contained in the anterior cranial fossa? (3 - bone, lobe)

A

Frontal lobe
Frontal bone
Lesser wing of sphenoid

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37
Q

What’s contained in the middle cranial fossa? (3 - bone, lobe)

A

Temporal lobe
Temporal bone
Greater wind of sphenoid

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38
Q

What’s contained in the posterior cranial fossa? (3 - bone, lobe)

A

Cerebellum
Occipital bone
Squamous part of temporal bone

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39
Q

What are the two parts of the temporal bone?

A 
Petrified part (rock-like)
Petrous part (squamous)
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40
Q

What’s the central ridge on the ethmoid bone called?

A

Crista galli

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41
Q

What is the sella turcica? (2)

A

Depression in middle cranial fossa (sphenoid bone)

Where pituitary gland lies

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42
Q

Where does the facial nerve exit the skull?

A

Stylo-mastoid foramina

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43
Q

Which artery supplies the skull, dura, skin and muscles on the superficial tissues of the skull?

A

Middle meningeal artery

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44
Q

Superior oblique

  • action
  • innervation
A

Action: intorsion
Innervaton: trochlear nerve (CN 4)

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45
Q

Lateral rectus

  • action
  • innervation
A

Action: Abducts the eye
Innervation: Abducens nerve (CN 6)

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46
Q

What is intorsion?

A

Clockwise rotation

47
Q

What is extorsion?

A

Anti-clockwise rotation

48
Q

Inferior rectus

  • action
  • innervation
A

Action: extorsion
Innervation: oculomotor nerve (CN 3)

49
Q

Inferior oblique

  • action
  • innervation
A

Action: extorsion
Innervation: oculomotor nerve (CN 3)

50
Q

Medial rectus

  • action
  • innervation
A

Action: adduction
Innervation: oculomotor nerve (CN 3)

51
Q

Superior rectus

  • action
  • innervation
A

Action: intorsion
Innervation: oculomotor nerve (CN 3)

52
Q

Levator palpebrae superioris

  • action
  • innervation
A

Action: raises eyelid
Innervation: oculomotor nerve (CN 3)

53
Q

What does the midbrain consist of? (2)

A
  • Tectum (superior & inferior colliculi)

- Crus cerebri (tegmentum [red nucleus], substantia nigra, cerebral peduncles)

54
Q

What does the medulla contain? (3)

A
  • Pyramids
  • Olive
  • Inferior cerebellar peduncle
55
Q

What does the pons contain?

A

Middle cerebellar peduncle

56
Q

What supplies the macula?

A

PCA

Also believed to be the MCA too

57
Q

Why is the olfactory nerve different to the other CN’s?

A

Doesn’t go to the thalamus so only has 1st and 2nd order neurons

58
Q

What does the 3rd ventricle sit between?

A

Two thalamus

59
Q

What runs through the midbrain?

A

Cerebral aqueduct

60
Q

Where does the 4th ventricle sit?

A

Behind the pons and in front of the cerebellum

61
Q

Describe the tracts of the optic nerve

A

Optic nerve
Optic tract
Optic radiation

62
Q

What field of vision does Meyer’s loop contribute to?

A

Upper quadrants

63
Q

What field of vision does Baum’s loop contribute to?

A

Lower quadrants

64
Q

What lobe does Meyer’s loop pass through?

A

Temporal lobe

65
Q

What lobe does Baum’s loop go through?

A

Parietal lobe

66
Q

What CN arises from the interpeduncular fossa?

A

Oculomotor nerve (CN 3)

67
Q

What CNs arise from the pons?

A 
Trigeminal nerve (CN 5)
Abducens nerve (CN 6) - bulbopontine sulcus
Facial nerve (CN 7) - bulbopontine sulcus
Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN 8) - bulbopontine sulcus
68
Q

What nerves arise from the medulla?

A 
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN 9) - lateral sulcus
Vagus (CN 10) - lateral sulcus
Accessory nerve (CN 11) - ventrolateral sulcus
Hypoglossal nerve (CN 12) - ventrolateral sulcus
69
Q

What CNs enter the midbrain?

A 
Olfactory nerve (CN 1)
Optic nerve (CN 2)
70
Q

What nerve arises from the back of the brainstem and travels around the cerebral peduncles?

A

Trochlear nerve (CN 4)

71
Q

What does the primary fissure separate?

A

Anterior and posterior lobes of cerebellum

72
Q

What is the vermis?

A

Central worm-like structure

73
Q

What are the deep cerebellar nuclei? (3)

A
  • Dentate nucleus
  • Fastigial nucleus
  • Interpose nucleus
74
Q

How would you identify the dentate nucleus?

A

Largest nuclei

Zig-zag edged

75
Q

What are the tonsils and where are they found?

A

Rounded swellings on either side of the vermis (anteriorly)

76
Q

What is the flocculus and where are they found?

A

Ovoid swellings posterior to foramen of Luschka

77
Q

What is the nodule continuous with?

A

With the flocculus via peduncle of whiter matter

78
Q

Flocculonodular lobe receives what type of information?

A

Vestibular information

79
Q

Which peduncle does corticopontocerebellar tract travel through?

A

Middle cerebellar peduncle

80
Q

What information does the corticopontocerebellar tract carry?

A

Motor plan

81
Q

Which peduncles does spinocerebellar tract travel through?

A

Superior cerebellar peduncle

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

82
Q

What information does the spinocerebellar tract carry?

A

Balance and position sense

83
Q

Which peduncle does the vestibulocerebellar tract travel through?

A

Inferior peduncle

84
Q

What is the floor of the 4th ventricle called?

A

Rhomboid fossa

85
Q

What lines the rhomboid fossa? (laterally and posteriorly)

A

Laterally: cerebellar peduncles
Posteriorly: gracile and cuneate tubercles

86
Q

What is the name of the sulcus that divides the rhomboid fossa?

A

Median sulcus

87
Q

What are the medullary striae?

A

Pontocerebellar fibres that divide rhomboid fossa into caudal and rostral

88
Q

What is the locus coeruleus and where is it located?

A

Bluish-grey pigmented noradrenergic cells in rostral part of rhomboid fossa

89
Q

Locus coeruleus functions in?

A

Stress responses

Arousal

90
Q

What is the obex?

A

Inferior apex of the rhomboid fossa

91
Q

Which area is associated with nausea control?

A

Area postrema

92
Q

What is the facial colliculus and where is it located?

A
  • bumps where facial nerve runs over abducens nerve nuclei

- rostral part of area postrema

93
Q

What is the vestibular trigone?

A

Lateral swelling formed by vestibulocochlear nerve nucleus

94
Q

What is the hypoglossal trigone?

A

Medial swelling formed by hypoglossal nerve nucleus

95
Q

What is the vagal trigone?

A

Swelling formed by vagus nerve nucleus

96
Q

What separates the anterior horns of the lateral ventricles?

A

Septum pellucidum (double-membrane)

97
Q

What connects the two thalami?

A

Interthalamic adhesion

98
Q

Where is the calcarine sulcus and why is it important?

A

Occipital lobe - primary visual cortex lies here

99
Q

What sulcus forms a Y shape with the calcarine sulcus?

A

Parieto-occipital sulcus

100
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

Largest white matter tract, connects the two hemispheres

101
Q

Describe the regions of the corpus callosum

A

Rostrum
Genu
Body
Splenium

102
Q

What is the fornix?

A

White matter structure that connects hippocampus to the diencephalon

103
Q

What is the paracentral nodule?

A

U-shaped gyrus that surrounds the medial part of the central sulcus

104
Q

What is the stria of Gennari?

A

White band running in the primary visual cortex in the middle of the grey matter

105
Q

Where does the cingulate gyrus lie?

A

Above the corpus callosum

106
Q

What does the olfactory tract divide into?

A

Lateral olfactory stria

Medial olfactory stria

107
Q

Describe the Papez circuit of the limbic system (8)

A 
Amygdala
Uncus
Hippocampus
Fornix
Mammillary bodies
Thalamus
Cingulate gyrus
Parahippocampal gyrus
108
Q

What makes up the corpus striatum?

A

Caudate

Putamen

109
Q

What makes up the lentiform nucleus?

A

Putamen

Globus pallidus

110
Q

What are the white matter tracts of the basal ganglia?

A

Extreme capsule
External capsule
Internal capsule

111
Q

Wha is the nucleus accumbens?

A

Brain’s reward centre

112
Q

What is forceps minor?

A

Anterior curve of the fibres of the corpus callosum

113
Q

What is forceps major?

A

Posterior curve of the fibres of the corpus callosum

114
Q

What nerve sits between the PCA and the SuCA?

A

Oculomotor nerve (CN 3)

Anatomy (13 decks)

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