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Anatomy > CVS - Muscles & Bones > Flashcards

CVS - Muscles & Bones Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the suprasternal/ jugular notch?

A

T2

Between the two clavicles

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2
Q

Where the is sternal angle (angle of Louis)?

A

T4/5

Between the manubrium and sternal body

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3
Q

Why is the sternal angle so important?

Hint: RAT PLANT

A

Many important structures lie @ T4/5 line:

  • Rib 2nd
  • Arch of aorta
  • Tracheal bifurcation
  • Pulmonary trunk bifurcation
  • Ligamentum arteriosum
  • Azygous vein drains into SVC
  • Nerves: loop of left recurrent layrngeal nerve and cardiac plexus
  • Thoracic duct drains into left subclavian vein
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4
Q

Where is the xiphoid process found?

A

Inferior to the sternal body

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5
Q

Where are the acromion and coracoid process found?

A

Acromion - most superior and lateral part of the scapula

Coracoid process - infetior to acromion and more anterior

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6
Q

Describe the origin, insertion and nerve supply of pectoralis major

A

Origin: clavicle, sternal body and superior 6 costal cartilages
Insertion: lateral lip of bicipital groove of humerus
Innervation: lateral and medial pectoral nerves

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7
Q

Describe the origin, insertion an innervation of pectoralis minor

A

Origin: ribs 3-5
Insertion: coracoid process
Innervation: medial pectoral nerve

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8
Q

Describe the origin, insertion and innervation of serratus anterior

A

Origin: ribs 8-9 (superior)
Insertion: scapula
Innervation: long thoracic nerve (brachial plexus - C5, 6, 7)

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9
Q

Describe the origin, insertion and innervation of serratus anterior

A

Origin: ribs 8-9 (superior)
Insertion: scapula
Innervation: long thoracic nerve (brachial plexus - C5, 6, 7)

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10
Q

Where is the apex of the lungs?

A

3cm superior to the clavicle

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11
Q

Foreign bodies are more likely to get stuck in which bronchus?

A

Right bronchus - as it’s shorter, wider and more vertical than the left bronchus

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12
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have?

A

3 lobes, separated by the horizontal and oblique fissures

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13
Q

How many lobes does the left lung have?

A

2 lobes, separated by the oblique fissure

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14
Q

What does the hilum of the lung contain? (4)

A

Pulmonary artery
Two pulmonary veins
Bronchus
Lymph nodes

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15
Q

Along which rib does the horizontal fissure run?

A

4th rib

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16
Q

Along which ribs does the oblique fissure run?

A

Posteriorly: 4th rib
Midaxillary line: 5th rib
Anteriorly: 6th rib

17
Q

What is the pleura and its layers?

A

A continuous double layer of serous membrane surrounding the lungs.
Visceral layer lines surface of the lung.
Parietal layer lines inner surface of the ribs.

18
Q

Function of the pleura?

A

To allow the layers to slide smoothly over each other during respiration.

19
Q

At the midclavicular line, the lung margin is at which rib?

A

6th rib

20
Q

At the midclavicular line, the pleura margin is at which rib?

A

8th rib

21
Q

At the midaxillary line, the lung margin is at which rib?

A

8th rib

22
Q

At the midaxillary line, the pleura margin is at which rib?

A

10th rib

23
Q

At the midscapular line, the lung margin is at which rib?

A

10th rib

24
Q

At the midscapular line, the pleura margin is at which rib?

A

12th rib

25
Q

What innervates the pleura? (2)

A

Intercostal nerves, phrenic nerve

26
Q

Where does the subclavian and internal jugular veins drain into?

A

They fuse and become the brachiocephalic vein.

27
Q

What does the phrenic nerve do?

A
  • Motor to diaphragm

- Sensory to 3P’s: pleura, pericardium and peritoneum

28
Q

Describe the path of the right phrenic nerve

A

Descends on the surface of the right brachiocephalic vein, SVC and the right side of the heart + pericardium.
Passes in FRONT of the hilum.

29
Q

Describe the path of the left phrenic nerve

A

Descends over the arch of the aorta and left side of the heart

30
Q

Describe the path of the right vagus nerve

A

Lies on trachea and descends with the oesophagus, giving off branches.
Leaves through diaphragm as posterior gastric nerve.
Passes BEHIND the hilum.

31
Q

Describe the path of the left vagus nerve

A

Crosses arch of aorta and branches off into left recurrent laryngeal nerve.
Descends with oesophagus.
Passes BEHIND the hilum.

32
Q

How can you differentiate right lung from left lung by their mediastinal surface?

A

Left lung has a groove for the aortic arch.
Right lung has 2 fissures (3 lobes).
Left lung has 1 fissure (2 lobes).

Anatomy (13 decks)

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