CVS - Muscles & Bones Flashcards
Where is the suprasternal/ jugular notch?
T2
Between the two clavicles
Where the is sternal angle (angle of Louis)?
T4/5
Between the manubrium and sternal body
Why is the sternal angle so important?
Hint: RAT PLANT
Many important structures lie @ T4/5 line:
- Rib 2nd
- Arch of aorta
- Tracheal bifurcation
- Pulmonary trunk bifurcation
- Ligamentum arteriosum
- Azygous vein drains into SVC
- Nerves: loop of left recurrent layrngeal nerve and cardiac plexus
- Thoracic duct drains into left subclavian vein
Where is the xiphoid process found?
Inferior to the sternal body
Where are the acromion and coracoid process found?
Acromion - most superior and lateral part of the scapula
Coracoid process - infetior to acromion and more anterior
Describe the origin, insertion and nerve supply of pectoralis major
Origin: clavicle, sternal body and superior 6 costal cartilages
Insertion: lateral lip of bicipital groove of humerus
Innervation: lateral and medial pectoral nerves
Describe the origin, insertion an innervation of pectoralis minor
Origin: ribs 3-5
Insertion: coracoid process
Innervation: medial pectoral nerve
Describe the origin, insertion and innervation of serratus anterior
Origin: ribs 8-9 (superior)
Insertion: scapula
Innervation: long thoracic nerve (brachial plexus - C5, 6, 7)
Describe the origin, insertion and innervation of serratus anterior
Origin: ribs 8-9 (superior)
Insertion: scapula
Innervation: long thoracic nerve (brachial plexus - C5, 6, 7)
Where is the apex of the lungs?
3cm superior to the clavicle
Foreign bodies are more likely to get stuck in which bronchus?
Right bronchus - as it’s shorter, wider and more vertical than the left bronchus
How many lobes does the right lung have?
3 lobes, separated by the horizontal and oblique fissures
How many lobes does the left lung have?
2 lobes, separated by the oblique fissure
What does the hilum of the lung contain? (4)
Pulmonary artery
Two pulmonary veins
Bronchus
Lymph nodes
Along which rib does the horizontal fissure run?
4th rib
Along which ribs does the oblique fissure run?
Posteriorly: 4th rib
Midaxillary line: 5th rib
Anteriorly: 6th rib
What is the pleura and its layers?
A continuous double layer of serous membrane surrounding the lungs.
Visceral layer lines surface of the lung.
Parietal layer lines inner surface of the ribs.
Function of the pleura?
To allow the layers to slide smoothly over each other during respiration.
At the midclavicular line, the lung margin is at which rib?
6th rib
At the midclavicular line, the pleura margin is at which rib?
8th rib
At the midaxillary line, the lung margin is at which rib?
8th rib
At the midaxillary line, the pleura margin is at which rib?
10th rib
At the midscapular line, the lung margin is at which rib?
10th rib
At the midscapular line, the pleura margin is at which rib?
12th rib
What innervates the pleura? (2)
Intercostal nerves, phrenic nerve
Where does the subclavian and internal jugular veins drain into?
They fuse and become the brachiocephalic vein.
What does the phrenic nerve do?
- Motor to diaphragm
- Sensory to 3P’s: pleura, pericardium and peritoneum
Describe the path of the right phrenic nerve
Descends on the surface of the right brachiocephalic vein, SVC and the right side of the heart + pericardium.
Passes in FRONT of the hilum.
Describe the path of the left phrenic nerve
Descends over the arch of the aorta and left side of the heart
Describe the path of the right vagus nerve
Lies on trachea and descends with the oesophagus, giving off branches.
Leaves through diaphragm as posterior gastric nerve.
Passes BEHIND the hilum.
Describe the path of the left vagus nerve
Crosses arch of aorta and branches off into left recurrent laryngeal nerve.
Descends with oesophagus.
Passes BEHIND the hilum.
How can you differentiate right lung from left lung by their mediastinal surface?
Left lung has a groove for the aortic arch.
Right lung has 2 fissures (3 lobes).
Left lung has 1 fissure (2 lobes).
