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Anatomy > Pharynx & Larynx > Flashcards

Pharynx & Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

How far does the pharynx extend?

A

From base of skull –> C6

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2
Q

What does the pharynx contain?

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

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3
Q

What are the 3 pharyngeal constrictor muscles?

A 
Superior constrictor (post. wall of nasoP)
Middle constrictor (post. wall of oroP)
Inferior constrictor (post. wall of laryngoP)
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4
Q

What marks the end of the pharynx and the start of the larynx?

A

Epiglottis

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5
Q

Where does the thyroid gland sit?

A

Anterior to thyroid cartilage (spans C5 -T1)

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6
Q

Where can an emergency tracheotomy be performed?

A

In cricothyroid membrane

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7
Q

Where do the parathyroid glands sit?

A

4 - sit on posterior surface of thyroid gland

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8
Q

What is the only complete cartilage ring around the airway?

A

Cricoid cartilage

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9
Q

What are the 5 branches of the facial nerve?

A 
[To Zanzibar By Motor Car]
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Mandibular
Cervical
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10
Q

What happens if sympathetic nerves to the head and neck are damaged?

A

Horner’s syndrome (will cause on the affected side):

  • no facial sweating
  • sunken eye
  • drooping eyelid
  • constricted pupil
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11
Q

What is the blood supply of the thyroid gland?

A

Superior thyroid artery (EXT carotid artery)

Inferior thyroid artery (subclavian artery)

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12
Q

What is the carotid sheath?

A

Tube of fascia containing:

  • carotid artery
  • internal jugular vein
  • vagus nerve
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13
Q

Platysma muscle

  • origin
  • insertion
A

Origin: clavicle
Insertion: Mandible

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14
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

  • origin
  • insertion
  • innervation
A

Origin: Manubrium
Insertion: Mastoid process of temporal bone
Innervation: CN XI accessory nerve

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15
Q

Function of sternocleidomastoid

A

Tilts and rotates the head

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16
Q

Omohyoid

  • origin
  • insertion
A

Origin: scapula
Insertion: hyoid bone

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17
Q

Sternohyoid

  • origin
  • insertion
A

Origin: sternum
Insertion: hyoid bone

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18
Q

Sternothyroid

  • origin
  • insertion
A

Origin: Sternum
Insertion: thyroid cartilage

19
Q

Thyrohyoid

  • origin
  • insertion
A

Origin: thyroid cartilage
Insertion: hyoid bone

20
Q

Function of the extrinsic laryngeal muscles (sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, etc.)?

A

Elevation and depression of larynx

21
Q

What is the isthmus?

A

Joins the R & L thyroid glands

22
Q

What is the fused 1st thoracic and lower cervical ganglia called?

A

Stellate ganglion

23
Q

Where is the carotid sinus located and what does it detect?

A

At bifurcation of the common carotid

Detects blood pressure

24
Q

What does the superior laryngeal nerve supply?

A

Sensation: larynx –> vocal cords
Motor: cricothyroid muscle

25
Q

What does the recurrent laryngeal supply?

A

Motor: all muscles of larynx EXCEPT cricothyroid
Sensation: from larynx below vocal cords

26
Q

What is the vallecula fossa?

A

Groove between posterior surface of tongue and epiglottis

27
Q

What does the epiglottis go?

A

During swallowing it folds over laryngeal inlet to stop food/liquid being inhaled into lungs

28
Q

What folds mark the entrance of the larynx?

A

Aryepiglottic folds

29
Q

What do the arytenoid cartilages do?

A

Rotate on the cricoid cartilage to change vocal cords

30
Q

What are the two muscles that rotate the arytenoid cartilages and move them together and apart?

A

Posterior cricoarytenoid [abduct]

Lateral cricoarytenoid [adduct]

31
Q

What muscle lengthens and tenses the vocal cords?

A

Cricothyroid muscle

32
Q

What two muscles can be seen on posterior surface of the arytenoid cartilages and what do they do?

A

Oblique arytenoid muscle
Horizontal arytenoid muscle
Close larynx during cough/ swallowing

33
Q

What is the piriform recess?

A

Space on either side of the larynx

34
Q

Why is the piriform recess important?

A

Large space where tumours can grow undetected

Food can get stuck here causing bad breath

35
Q

What is the gap between the true vocal cords called?

A

Rima glottidis

36
Q

What epithelium lines the trachea?

A

Respiratory epithelium (pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium w/ goblet cells)

37
Q

What epithelium lines the vocal cords?

A

Non-keratinising stratified squamous epithelium

38
Q

What are the 3 salivary glands?

A

Submandibular
Sublingual
Parotid gland

39
Q

Where does the parotid ducts enter the mouth?

A

Adjacent to the cheek, by 2nd upper premolar

40
Q

Where does the sublingual duct enter the mouth?

A

Under the tongue

41
Q

Which nerve carries sensation from the larynx below the vocal cords?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

42
Q

Which nerve travels through the parotid gland?

A

Facial nerve

43
Q

What muscle ABDUCTS the vocal cords?

A

Posterior cricoarytenoid

Anatomy (13 decks)

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